体育毕业论文范文

体育毕业论文范文

摘 要

本课题研究的是高考体育考生在高海拔通过一定时间的训练，下到低海拔的地方考试。体育类考生在每年的三月份都统一到昆明参加体育专业考试（云南省统一举行）。然而当体育考生从高海拔到达次高海拔,即脱离低气压、低氧环境,进入到高压,高氧含量的环境时,适应了高海拔环境的生理机能需要作重新的调整以适应新的环境。对于体育考生来说,机体从习惯的低压、低氧环境到相对的高压、高氧环境,这种外环境的改变必然对考生运动能力产生影响。昆明相对的高压、高氧环境对运动员的身体机能是否会出现次高海拔反应(脱适应反应),如何影响体育考生的运动水平;如何根据考试时间和运动员下到昆明后身体机能的变化而确定下昆明的时间等,这些都是中学体育教师所关注的问题。本文从如何更好地利用海拔高度、天气等条件；到达昆明后如何进行过渡训练，以适应低高海拔，海拔差给考生生理、心理等带来的影响，使体育考生在高住高训转化适应低住低训的情况下，成绩在原成绩上得到提高。而高原训练是当前运动训练中的一个热点，与海拔相对低的高原相比,它具有一定的特殊性和难度,作为一种特殊的训练方法,对竞技体育的发展和体育考生的成绩将起到巨大的作用,但还有许多方面值得进一步探讨,只有在实践中不断积累经验,掌握它的规律性才能运用成功。

关键词：海拔；差异；体育考生；成绩
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ABSTRACT
The topic is aimed at the research on the students who are stimulated by low temperature environment to attend the examination after short-time training in a lower altitude area than Ninglang County. Lijiang compared with Kunming is a continental plateau. The students who study in Lijiang have to take the gymnastic exam held in Kunming every year. The plateau training is quite hot as a kind of sport training nowadays. Different from the continental plateau area of relatively lower altitude, it has something particular and difficult. As a special way of training, it will have a great effect on the development of the competitive sports and the gymnastics grade of the students. However, many aspects of this training remain worthwhile our deeper research. Only by accumulating experience in the consistent practices can we master its orderliness and make use of them successfully.
When Ninglang students come from the higher altitude area to the lower altitude area, it means that they are divorced from the lower air pressure and lower oxygen environment to the opposite. They have acclimatized themselves to the higher altitude, but the new circumstance requires them to adjust their physiology enginery to accommodate the current situations. As for these students from Ninglang County, the specialty exams held in Kunming require that their organism alternate from the accustomed low air pressure and oxygen to the compared high air pressure and oxygen condition, and the change will absolutately influence the students’ athletics ability. The coach of Ninglang County should concern the following problems: Whether the condition would arise the sub-high-altitude reaction (maladjustment reaction); how the condition influences the students’ exercise quality, how to arrange the arrival time to Kunming according to the students’ body reaction, etc. From this, we can learn to understand the students’ marks, especially in the dash, the middle-distance race and some programs of stamina, and then make a better use of the altitude and weather to improve the results. Through discussing the aspects of the physical and psychology to help lead students of Ninglang to get higher scores beyond the primal.
Keywords: Altitude；Climate；Comparative mark；Influence

目 录

第一章 前言1页
第二章 研究对象与方法2页
2.1研究对象2页
2.2研究方法2页
第三章 研究结果与分析3页
3.1 高海拔人的生理特点3页
3.2 昆明、丽江（宁蒗县）两地海拔差以及气候环境的比较3页
3.3 海拔差异对体育考生各个方面影响因素分析3页
　　3.3.1 海拔差异对体育考生生理方面影响分析3页
　　3.3.2 海拔差异对体育考生心理方面影响分析5页
　　3.3.3 考试环境对体育考生影响分析5页
3.3.4 不同训练地训练方法与手段对体育考生影响分析6页
第四章 结论与建议8页
4.1 结论8页
4.2 建议8页
参考文献10页
致谢11页



第一章　前言

海拔差异就是利用海拔差，针对要进行参加体育比赛、体育考试的考生进行的赛前和考前的集训，海拔差异训练等同于高原训练（高原训练：就是在高原训练时，人们要经受高原缺氧和运动缺氧两种负荷［1］）。高原训练始于20世纪50年代中期，利用海拔差进行训练的硕果在各重大赛事中皆有可见。在前人已有经验和理论的基础上，笔者根据自己的切身体验以及自己所学的专业知识，把这些经验和理论应用于实践，对海拔差异对体育考生成绩的影响这一问题进行初步探讨，以昆明、丽江（宁蒗）两地为例。对体育考生在适应了高海拔、低氧、低压环境，适应了高海拔训练的情况下，下到海拔相对较低的高压、高氧环境进行体育考试，海拔差异与环境的不适应等种种因素，对体育考生的成绩的影响较大。本文就这一问题进行了分析，提出了相应的对策措施。
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第二章　研究对象与方法

2.1 研究对象
以丽江宁蒗民族中学2004—2007学年的10名考生，其中女生5人为研究对象。