where引导定语从句修饰的抽象名词有哪些

　　现如今，英语知识也是非常重要的一门功课，下面是小编收集整理的where引导定语从句修饰的抽象名词有哪些，希望大家喜欢。

　　一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词point

　　You reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。 The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。

　　We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。

　　注：有时point也可以是具体的地点：

　　Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。 The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。

　　二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case

　　There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。

　　Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。

　　三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity

　　Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。

　　四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation

　　He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。

　　If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。

　　五、where定语从句修饰抽象名词position

　　It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job. 这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。

　　六、where定语从句修饰抽象名词job

　　She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use. 她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。

　　I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐在办公桌前的工作。

　　01. We’re just trying to reach a point _______ both sides will sit down together and talk.

　　A. where B. that C. when D. which

　　02. She had got to the point ______ she felt that she could not take any more.

　　A. what B. when C. where D. which

　　03. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ______ he can walk correctly and safely.

　　A. when B. where C. which D. that

　　04. It was so confusing that eventually it got to the point ______ no one knew what was going on.

　　A. when B. that C. which D. where

　　05. I don’t want a job ______ I’m chained to a desk for eight hours a day.

　　A. which B. where C. what D. when

　　06. Drink-driving is one case ______ severe punishment seems to work as a deterrent.

　　A. that B. which C. when D. where

　　07.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to

　　readers_______consumer complains have resulted in changes in the law.(2008江西)

　　A. where B. when C. who D. { A 此题是由where引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为cases，此句意思是“在这一章节，消费者的抱怨产生的法律上的变化的这一案例及情况将被介绍给读者”。}

　　01—06 ACBDBD

　　1. —Where did you get to know her?

　　—It was on the farm ___D___ we worked. (山东卷)

　　A. that B. there C. which D. where

　　2. Some pre-school children go to a day-care center, ___D___ they learn simple games and songs. (全国I)

　　A. then B. there C. while D. where

　　3. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ___D___ sight matters more than hearing. (天津卷)

　　A. when B. whose C. which D. where

　　4. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases ___D___ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. (陕西卷)

　　A. which B. as C. why D. where

　　5. After graduation she reached a point in her career ___D___ she had to decide what to do. (江西卷)

　　A. that B. what C. which D. where

　　以上5道题的答案分别是DDDDD，其中前面两道比较容易，因为它们符合“where引导的定语从句用于修饰表示地点的名词”这一基本用法。但是，后面3道题则有所不同，因为它们修饰的名词不是具体的地点名词，而是一个抽象名词，即分别是activity, case, point，

　　state，stage, situation ， 等 意指“情况、情形、形势”时，引导词常用 where 或介词+ which 。如： We're just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. ( 06 山东

　　26. ) A. where B. that C. when D. which由于一般的语法书对这一问题很少涉及，所以许多考生对这类考题比较生疏。为帮助同学们熟悉这一语言现象，正确掌握这一知识点，本文拟对where定语从句修饰抽象名词的用法作一归纳。

　　用Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点

　　按照通常的理解,当where引导定语从句时,它的先行词就是表示地点的名词,但事实并不是我们想象的那么简单。很多情况下,where所指代的先行词并不表示地点。请看以下几个例句:

　　1. Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other.

　　请记住,最深的感情关系表现为彼此间的爱超过彼此间的需要。

　　点评:这里where引导的定语从句修饰先行词one,也就是relationship (此处one指代的是relationship)。Relationship不是地点名词,但此处却用了where来引导,where在这里表示“在这样的感情关系下”。从定语从句的结构来看,定语从句不缺主语和宾语,引导词where在从句中充当的是状语。

　　2. Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low.

　　欺诈行为在这种情况下最有可能发生:利益重大,而且欺诈行为被发现的可能性小。 点评:句中的先行词是situations,表示“情形,情况”,引导词依然用的是where,表示“在这种情况之下”。这里的定语从句也是不缺主语或宾语的,where在从句中充当的是状语。

　　3. Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food”. 除非人类能够意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度——使地球能为所有人提供足够的食物,否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。

　　点评:这里的先行词是point,表示“某种程度,某种状况”,引导词where指代point,表示“在这种程度之下”。这里定语从句也是不缺主语和宾语的,where在从句中充当的仍然是状语。 从上面四个例句中,我们可以发现以下两点:第一,即使先行词不是表示地点的词,定语从句也能够使用关系副词where来引导;第二,上面三个例句中,where分别指代relationship、situation和point,分别表示“在……关系中”“在……情况下”“达到……程度”,这些词虽然不是表示地点的名词,但在从句中表达的是“某个点或状态”的含义。我们可以把这类名词解释成“含有抽象地点意义的名词”,此类词也能用关系副词where来进行引导。

　　先行词不表示地点时,如何判断是否使用Where引导定语从句

　　当先行词不是表示地点的名词时,该如何判断是否使用where引导定语从句呢?由上文给出的`例句可知,含有抽象地点意义的名词能用关系副词where来引导,并且在每个例句的点评中笔者都反复强调“定语从句不缺主语和宾语,where在从句中充当的是状语”。由此,我们可以大胆地进行引申和归纳,提出“当先行词不表示地点时,使用where引导定语从句”的判断方法。首先,判断定语从句的结构:定语从句应该不缺少主语和宾语,而是缺少状语。其次,观察先行词:先行词是除了时间名词(在这种情况下会用when)和原因名词(在这种情况下会用why)以外的其他任何名词。第二个条件之所以成立,是因为定语从句中的状语成分一般就是由when、where和why等三个引导词来引导的。为了更深刻地理解这种判断方法,请看以下几个例句:

　　4. English is a “fixed-word-order” language where each phrase has a fixed position. 英语是一种“词序固定”的语言,这种语言的特点就是每个短语都有固定的位置。

　　点评:首先,我们来判断定语从句“each phrase has a fixed position”的结构:该从句并不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是fixed-word-order language, 它既不表示时间,也不表示原因。由此可知,此处用where来指代先行词,表示“在词序固定这样的语言中”。

　　5. At the Academy, Plato taught the students through the use of debates, where two or more people took different ideas of an argument.

　　在学院里,柏拉图采用的教学方法是组织辩论,在辩论中,两个或多个学生各持一方观点。

　　点评:首先,我们来判断定语从句“two or more people took different ideas of an argument”的句子结构:该从句不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是debates,它既不是时间名词,也不是原因名词。由此可知,此处应用where引导定语从句,表示“在辩论中”。

　　6. However, being enthusiastic isnt for everyone and no one likes’ false enthusiasm, where a person pretends to be excited even about the most trivial points.

　　然而,热情并非适合每一个人,而且也没有人喜欢那种连区区小事都假装兴奋不已的虚假热情。

　　点评:首先,我们判断定语从句“a person pretends to be excited even about the most trivial points”的句子结构:该从句不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是false enthusiasm,它既不是时间名词,也不是原因名词。因而,此处用where来引导定语从句,表示“在虚假的热情这种状态下”。

　　通过对上面三个例句的点评,相信读者已经能够掌握在先行词不表示地点的情况下,如何判断是否使用where来引导定语从句了。此外,我们需要仔细体会例句中where指代先行词时所表达的含义,分别是“在……样的语言中”“在……中”“在……样的状态下”,这些含义与第一节所举的例子类似,都带有抽象的地点意义。

　　因而,我们在日后的学习和考试中应当谨记:用where引导的定语从句,先行词不一定是表示地点的名词,因为先行词也可能是含有抽象地点意义的名词。由此,我们需要对上一期中所讨论的“先行词是表示地点的名词”与“用where引导定语从句”的关系进行修正,修正后的图示如下:

　　3. I can think of many cases________ cultural differences really exist.

　　4. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ______ he is likely to lose control over the place.

　　5. Her illness has developed to the point _______ nobody can cure her.

　　在一些类似地点的抽象名词后面，也可用关系副词where来引导定语从句。

　　注意：如果stage, case, situation, position, point ，occasion 等这样的抽象名词作先行词时，根据他们在具体的语境中指的是时间还是地点来确定是用where, when

　　1.reporters often draw peoples attentions to situation ______ ____ __ help is needed.

　　2. We have reached a stage ______ _____ we have almost no rights at all.

　　3. We were put in a position _______ ___ we had to accept we were less important, or fight the government.

　　4. There are occasions____________ one must give in.

　　三、先行词(抽象名词)+关系副词(where)+定语从句

　　1. i can think of many cases ___ students obviously knew a lot of english words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. (2003上海卷) a. why b. which c. as d. where 解析：先行词为case，属抽象名词，且从句中不缺少成分，故排除选项中的关系代词which和as，同时主句和从句不是因果关系，可排除选项a，正确答案应为d. where。

　　2. it’s helpful to put children in a situation ___ they can see themselves differently. (2009福建卷) a. that b. when

　　c. which d. where 解析：本句先行词为situation，译作“环境，境遇”，用于表示地点的抽象名词，且从句中不缺少成分，故应选d. where。

　　3. we’re just trying to reach a point ___ both sides will sit down together and talk. (2006山东卷) a. where b. that c. when d. which 解析：先行词为point，可译作“目标，目的”，属表地点的抽象名词，从句中不缺少成分，故应选a. where。

　　4. those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ___ sight matters more than hearing. (2007天津卷) a. when b. whose c. which d. where 解析：先行词为activity，属表示地点的抽象名词，而从句中的谓词动词matter为不及物动词，不需要宾语，故应选d. where。

　　5. many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ___ people were eaten by the tiger. (2005广东卷) a. in which b. by which c. which d. that 解析：先行词为scene，属于表地点的抽象名词，从句为被动语态，且不缺少成分,故选a. in which。

　　6. i’ll give you my friend’s home address, ___ i can be reached most evenings. (2008北京卷) a. which b. when c. whom d. where 解析：先行词为address，属表地点的抽象名词，且从句中不缺少成分,故应选d. where。

　　7. all the neighbors admire this family, ___ the parents are treating their child like a friend. (2008安徽卷) a. why b. where c. which d. that 解析：先行词为family，属表地点的抽象名词，且从句中不缺少成分，故选b. where。

　　8. i work in a business ___ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. (2004湖南卷) a. how b. which c. where d. that 解析：先行词为business，属表地点的抽象名词，且从句中不缺少成分，故选c. where。

　　9. — what do you think of teaching, bob ? — i find it fun and challenging. it is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting. (2009北京卷) a. where b. which c. when d. that 解析：先行词为job，属表地点的抽象名词，且从句中不缺少成分，故选a. where。

　　10. ... you are considering a relaxing holiday where the scenery is breathtaking. ... (2005广东卷，阅读理解e篇)

　　解析：先行词为holiday，属表地点的抽象名词，且后面从句不缺少成分，故用where引导。

　　11. ... your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome. ... (2005湖北卷，阅读理解a篇) 解析：先行词为territory，属表地点的抽象名词，且从句不缺少成分，故用关系副词where。

　　12. ... you, the customer, must pay: a reasonable charge for a service, where no price has been fixed in advance. ... (2005湖北卷，阅读理解c篇) 解析：先行词为service，属表地点的抽象名词，且从句中不缺少成分，先行词在从句中作状语，故用关系副词where。

　　13. ... the animal is, in fact, playing a very dangerous game with its environment, a game in which it must make decisions — a matter of life or death. ... (2005湖北卷，阅读理解e篇) 解析：a game是前面a very dangerous game的同位语，做先行词，是表地点的抽象名词，从句中没有缺少成分，故用in which(where)引导从句。 小结 近些年高考试题考查where / in which引导的定语从句，大多数采用先行词为抽象名词或用表示地点名词的特殊形式，以此增加考题的难度。例11，12，13是2005年高考英语湖北卷阅读理解中的题目，三篇短文就有三个这样难度较高的定语从句，可见掌握好定语从句是何等重要。对于上述例题中case, situation, point, activity, scene, address, family, business, job, holiday, territory, service,game等词做先行词，考查得比较频繁。另外，还要注意下面一些词汇：position, condition, environment, atmosphere, surroundings等，如果先行词为以上这些词，从句中又不缺少成分，也常常用where / in which引导定语从句。

　　拓展

　　where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词的情况有：

　　一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词point

　　youreachapointwheremedicinecan’thelp.你已到了*物无法治疗的地步。

　　thecrisishasreachedapointwherethereceiverwillhavetobecalledin.危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。

　　wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.我们到了必须改一改的地步。

　　注:有时point也可以是具体的地点:

　　letthepointwhereabcutscdbecallede.设ab线与cd线的相交点为e。

　　theaccidenthappenedatthepointwherethea15joinsthem1.事故发生在a15与m1交叉的十字路口。

　　二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case

　　therearecaseswheretheword“mighty”isusedasanadverb.在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。

　　today,we’lldiscussanumberofcaseswherebeginnersofenglishfailtousethelanguage

　　properly.今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。

　　三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity

　　thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivitywheresightmattersmorethan

　　hearing.那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。

　　四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation

　　hegotintoasituationwhereitishardtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。

　　ifyourisksomethingimportant,youcauseittobeinadangeroussituationwhereyoumightlose

　　it.你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。

　　五、where定语从句修饰抽象名词position

　　it’sputmeinapositionwhereican’taffordtotakethejob.这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。

　　六、where定语从句修饰抽象名词job

　　shewantsajobwherehermanagementskillscanbeputtogooduse.她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。

　　idon’twantajobwherei’mchainedtoadeskallday.我不想找一份整天坐在办公桌前的工作。

　　01.we’rejusttryingtoreachapoint_______bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.

　　a.whereb.thatc.whend.which

　　02.shehadgottothepoint______shefeltthatshecouldnottakeanymore.

　　a.whatb.whenc.whered.which

　　03.thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepoint______hecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.

　　a.whenb.wherec.whichd.that

　　04.itwassoconfusingthateventuallyitgottothepoint______nooneknewwhatwasgoingon.

　　a.whenb.thatc.whichd.where

　　05.idon’twantajob______i’mchainedtoadeskforeighthoursaday.

　　a.whichb.wherec.whatd.when

　　06.drink-drivingisonecase______severepunishmentseemstoworkasadeterrent.

　　a.thatb.whichc.whend.where

　　07.laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders_______consumerplainshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.(2008*西)

　　a.whereb.whenc.whod.{a此题是由where引导的限制*定语从句，先行词为cases，此句意思是“在这一章节，消费者的抱怨产生的法律上的变化的这一案例及情况将被介绍给读者”。}