有关大学英语自学教程笔记赏析

　　大学英语自学教程(上册) 笔记 Unit 3-2

　　The 4th lecture of College English one:

　　Ⅰ.Intensive reading text A:

　　1.The Atlantic ocean is one of the oceans that separate the old world from the new.

　　译：大西洋是隔断新世界和旧世界的大洋之一。

　　分析：本句包含有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词oceans,注意此时只能用that,不能用which.如下的情况属只能用that的情况：

　　1>.当先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词时。

　　He is the best person that always helps others

　　2>.当先行词是序数词，或前面有一个序数词时。

　　He is the last person that I want to see.

　　3>.当主语已有疑问词who或which时。

　　Which is the bike that you lost?

　　4>.当先行词是all, much, something, anything, everything, little, etc等词时。

　　We should hand in all that you have found.

　　5>.当先行词前有only, any, few, one of, the same, no etc等词时。

　　The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.

　　Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teacher in our class.

　　短语：separate sth from sth把…与…分开

　　England is separated from France by the English channel.

　　另外，the old World: Europe, Asia, Africa; the New World: the Americas.

　　2.For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.（*）

　　译：好几个世纪以来，它使美洲一直未被欧洲人发现

　　短语：keep/stop/prevent sb from doing sth:阻止某人做谋事

　　The bad weather can’t keep us from going to school/

　　being discovered: being动名词，discovered过去分词

　　3.Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic ocean made the early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it.(*)

　　译：许多关于大西洋的错误观点使得早期的水手不愿远航驶入大西洋。

　　分析： 主语：many wrong ideas；谓语：made； 宾语：the early sailors； 宾补：unwilling to sail far out into it。

　　短语：be unwilling to do sth; sail far out into it: 远航驶入；make sb do sth

　　4.one idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world.”

　　译：一种观点是大西洋远达世界的边缘。

　　分析：that引导的是表语从句。它是名词从句的一种。主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句属于名词从句。在四种从句中只有宾语从句能省略that这个关系连词，在其它从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，但绝对不能省略。

　　a. That the earth is round is true.(主语从句)

　　b. All of us know that we must study hard.（宾语从句）

　　c. The idea that we invited him yesterday is quite good.（同位语从句）

　　d. Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.（表语从句）

　　4.The Atlantic ocean is only half as big as the pacific, but it was still very large.(*)

　　译：虽然大西洋只有太平洋的一半，但它也很大。

　　倍数的比较：倍数 + as + adj/adv + as

　　a.My hair is twice as long as yours.

　　b.My classroom is only one third as big as theirs.

　　5.It’s more than 4000 miles wide where Columbus crossed it.

　　译：哥伦布穿越大西洋的航线有4000多英里宽。

　　基数词 + 形容词→作度量状语。

　　a.He is only five years old.

　　b.The river is three meters deep.

　　c.The classroom is five meters long.

　　6.For so large an ocean, it has very few islands. Also, it is the world’s saltiest ocean.

　　译：这么大的'一个海洋却只有少数几个岛屿，并且它是世界上盐分含量最高的海洋。（这是大西洋最大的两大特点。）

　　7.There is so much water in the Atlantic ocean that it is hard to imagine how much there is.

　　译：大西洋中有多得令人难以想象的海水。

　　So…that引导结果状语从句。(so + adj / adv)

　　It’s so hot these days that we can’t go out.

　　8.But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers.

　　译：假设不再有雨水降入大西洋，也没有河水汇入。本句存在一个重要的语法现象：虚拟语气，即表示非真实的假设。该语法放到text B中进行详讲。

　　9.It would take the ocean about 4000years to dry up.

　　译：它大约需要4000年的时间才干涸。

　　重要句型：it takes / took sb some time to do sth花某人多少时间作某事

　　Every day it takes me an hour to go to work.

　　10.We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller.

　　译：我们现在有如此多的快速旅行方式，使大西洋似乎变小了。

　　短语：such + n + that 引导结果状语从句，注意和so…that…比较。

　　a.She’s such a lovely girl that everyone likes her very much.

　　b.She’s so lovely a girl that everyone likes her very much.

　　seem to 仿佛、好像

　　Ⅱ. Brief summary about the useful phrases:

　　1.separate…from…(1段1行); 2.keep sb from doing sth(1段2行); 3.make sb do sth(2段1行); 4.boiling hot(2段5行); 5.so…that…(5段1行); 6.no more(5段2行); 7.on the average(5段4行); 8.pile up(10段2行); 9.such…that…(11段1行); 10.seem to(11段2行); 11.be unwilling to do…(2段1行)