中国行业收入差距的影响因素分析
[摘要] 近几年,我国职工的收入水平大幅度提高,但是由于各个行业的情况不同,不同行业职工收入水平的提高幅度不一样,导致了不同行业职工的收入出现显著差异。参考中国的经验数据,采用面板数据的方法构建了行业收入差距模型,结果发现:导致我国行业收入差距的重要因素之一是行业垄断;同时,行业间人力资本水平的差异对收入差异的影响也较为显著,而劳动者的收入更多地取决于其行业的特点而非劳动生产率。
[关键词] 行业收入差距;教育;劳动生产率;行业垄断
Abstract:Recently, employees’ income has been increasing substantially in our country. However, as the industry situation is different, employees’ income from different industries has risen divergently, which generates distince differences.We also frame the model of the income gap of our industry by using data from the China Statistical Yearbook and the method of Econometric Panel Data. The main conclusions of this study show: industry monopoly has become an important factor which impacts the industry income gap in China; differences in the level of human capital of industries exert a more significant impact on the industry income gap; income of workers depends more on the characteristics of the industry rather than labor productivity.
Key words: interindustry income gap; education; labor productivity; monopoly of the industry
一 文献综述
国外学者对于行业之间收入差距的研究较早,20世纪70年代以来相关成果较为丰富。学者们在对差距程度进行测度的同时,更加注重解释“同工不同酬”的现象,进而形成了两条研究路径:一种是在传统的新古典框架下,分析劳动者个体间的工作质量差异、工种之间的差别、被分割劳动力市场与非竞争性等因素对行业间劳动者收入差异的影响。另一种是跳出传统主流研究框架,但在主流经济学理性人假设的基础上,考察预防动机、公平感等因素的作用,其中具有代表性的是“效率工资”理论。
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