全新版大学英语综合教程第二版4第四册课后习题答案和翻译免1

　　Part II Text A

　　lexf Organization

　　Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas

　　Part One Paras 1-2 Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.

　　Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleon's military campaign againstRussia

　　Part Three Paras 12-20 Hitler's military campaign against theSoviet Union

　　Part Four Para 21 Conclusion—the elements of nature must be rekoned with in any military campaign.

　　2.

　　Sections Paragraphs Main Ideas

　　Section One Paras 12-13 Hitler's blitzkrieg againstRussiaand Stalin's scorched earth policy

　　Section Two Paras 14-18 the battles fought atLeningrad,MoscowandStalingradSection Three Paras 19-20 the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the war

　　Vocabulary

　　I. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of

　　3) stroke 4) limp

　　5) minus 6) regions

　　7) declarations 8) siege

　　9) raw 10) bide his time

　　11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of

　　2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down

　　3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on

　　5) get by 6) dine out

　　7) have cut back 8) get through

　　3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.

　　2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike

　　3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.

　　4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.

　　5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date /obso lete.

　　4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.

　　2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases,work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.

　　3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.

　　II.More Synonyms in Context

　　1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place inthe gloomy trenches ofFrance andBelgium.

　　2) Elizabethmade careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.

　　3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.

　　4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.

　　III. Usage

　　1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.

　　2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.

　　3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work

　　4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.

　　5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.

　　6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.

　　Comprehensive Exercises

　　I. Cloze

　　(A)

　　1. invasion 2. stand in the way

　　3. Conquest 4. catching... off his guard

　　5. launching 6. declaration

　　7. campaign 8. drag on

　　9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt

　　(B)

　　1. allow 2. reckoned

　　3. highly 4. forecasts

　　5. rapidly 6. instant

　　7. delivery 8. advantage

　　9. observing 10. Powerful

　　II. Translation

　　1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.

　　2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.

　　3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.

　　4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.

　　5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood commi* decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.

　　The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The pision commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a

　　gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.

全新版大学英语综合教程第二版4第四册课后习题答案和翻译免2

　　Vocabulary

　　I. 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuckin

　　12) approximately

　　2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on

　　5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into

　　3. 1)… incorporates all the latest safety features

　　2) …two trees ten feet apart

　　3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site

　　4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.

　　5) … are correlated in all racial groups

　　4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to

　　2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency

　　3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazard

　　II. Word Formation

　　Clipped Words Blends

　　Kilo kilogram Medicare medical care

　　Memo memorandum email electronic mail

　　gym gymnasium comsat communications satellite

　　lib liberation newscast news broadcast

　　doc doctor skyjack sky hijack

　　vet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollar

　　prep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunch

　　auto automobile telecast television broadcast

　　flu influenza Oxbridge OxfordandCambridge

　　III. 1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English 4. disturbing change 5. fully developed prototype 6. Canned foods 7. working population 8. puzzling differences Comprehensive Exercises

　　I. Cloze

　　1.

　　1) com*rized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor

　　2.

　　1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalities

　　II. Translation

　　1.

　　1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.

　　2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.

　　3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.

　　4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently

　　5) The per stood on the edge of the ping board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.

　　2.

　　Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today

　　the application of com*r technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.

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　　全新版大学英语综合教程是上**语教育出版社出版的'一本图书。

　　作者复旦大学、**大学、华东师范大学、*科学技术大学、华南理工大学、南京大学、武汉大学、南开大学、*人民大学、中山大学、西安交通大学、东南大学、华中科技大学、苏州大学以及麦克米伦等著名院校和出版机构的资深教授及英语教学专家合作编写

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新版大学英语综合教程第二版第四册第四课课文翻译1

　　4. As borders and national identities become less important, some find that threatening and even dangerous. In an essay entitled "Dead Souls: The Denationalization of the American Elite," Harvard Professor Samuel Huntington describes Davos Man (a phrase that first got widespread attention in the 1990s) as an emerging global superspecies and a threat. The members of this class, he writes, are people who "have little need for national loyalty, view national boundaries as obstacles that thankfully are vanishing, and see national governments as residues from the past whose only useful function is to facilitate the élite's global operations." Huntington argues that Davos Man's global-citizen self-image is starkly at odds with the values of most Americans, who remain deeplycommitted to their nation. This disconnect, he says, creates "a major cultural fault line. In a variety of ways, the American establishment, governmental and private, has become increasingly porced from the American people."

　　随着边界和对国家的认同变得越来越不重要，有些人将此视作威胁，甚至危险。**大学教授塞缪尔·亨廷顿在一篇题为《死魂灵：**精英的去国家化》的论文中将***人(该说法最早在20世纪90年代引起广泛注意)描写成为一个新兴的全球超级物种和威胁。他写道，该阶层的成员“不要什么对国家的忠诚，视国界为障碍，而万幸的是这种障碍正在消失，他们还把国家的**看作是历史遗留下来的东西，它们唯一的用处就是为精英们的全球运营提供方便。”亨廷顿提出，***人以全球公民自居的自我形象，与大多数**人的价值观完全相悖。后者依然坚定地忠于他们自己的国家。他说，这种脱节造成了“一个重大的文化断层。在种种意义上，****和私营企业的当权派们与**大众渐行渐远。”

　　R T 5. Naturally, many Davos Men don't accept Huntington's terms. Klaus Schwab, the founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, argues that endorsing a global outlook does not mean erasing national identity. "Globalization can never provide us with cultural identity, which needs to be local and national in nature."

　　许多***人自然不同意亨廷顿的说法。世界经济论坛的创始人兼执行**克劳斯·施瓦布争辩说，**全球观并不意味着抹去对国家的认同。“全球化决无可能给予我们文化认同，因为后者在本质上必须是本土的、民族的。”

　　6. Global trade has been around for centuries; the corporations and countries that benefited from it were largely content to treat vast parts of the world as places to mine natural resources or sell finished products. Even as the globalization of capital accelerated in the 1980s, most foreign investment was between relatively wealthy countries, not from wealthy countries into poorer ones. U.S. technology, companies and money were often at the forefront of this movement.

　　全球贸易已经持续了几个世纪;过去从中获益的企业和国家在很大程度上满足于将世界上的广大地区视为自然资源的开采地或成品的销售地。即便到了20世纪80年代，资本全球化已经加速，大多数外国投资仍在相对富裕的国家之间进行，而不是从富裕国家流向较贫穷国家。**的技术、企业和资金通常处于这一流动的前沿。

　　7. However the past two decades have witnessed the rise of other significant players. The developed world is beating a path to China's and India's door — and Chinese and Indian companies, in turn, have started to look overseas for some of their future growth. Beijing has even started what it calls a "Going Out" policy that encourages Chinese firms to buy assets overseas. Asian nations are creating "a remarkable environment of innovation," says John Chambers, chief executive of Cisco Systems. "China and India are graduating currently more than five times the number of engineers that we are here in the U.S." That means that U.S. and European companies are now facing high-quality, low-cost competition from overseas. No wonder so many Western workers worry about losing their jobs. " If the issue is the size of the total pie, globalization has proved a good thing," says Orit Gadiesh, chairman of consultants Bain & Co. "If the issue is how the pie is pided, if you're in the Western world you could question that."

　　然而，在过去二十年间，另外一些重大参与者出现了。发达国家正在开辟一条通向**和印度大门的.道路——而**和印度的公司又将眼光投向**，寻找未来增长的机会。**甚至提出了“走出去”的**，鼓励**企业购买****。亚洲各国正在形成“一个创新的卓越环境，”思科系统公司的首席执行官约翰·钱伯斯如是说。“目前**和印度的工科大学毕业生是我们**的五倍还多。”这就意味着**和欧洲的公司现在面临来自**的高质量、低成本的竞争。毋怪乎这么多**工人担心失业。“如果问题涉及的是整个蛋糕的大小，那全球化已经被证明是件好事。”贝恩管理咨询公司的董事长奥里特·加迪西说，“如果问题在于蛋糕怎么分，而你又是**人，那你就会质疑全球化。”

新版大学英语综合教程第二版第四册第四课课文翻译2

　　Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates.

　　全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢?它们会得到加强还是削弱?作者对这些问题进行了探讨。

　　In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel

　　1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the U.S., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $1.6 billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization."

　　寻找***人

　　彼得·甘贝尔

　　威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿，在芝加哥长大，就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学。但别叫他**人。他今年40岁，过去16年来一直生活在**以外的地方，先是在伦敦，1996年后在***经营他自己的投资公司。布劳德如今掌管着价值16亿美元的资产。1998年，他放弃**护照，成为英国公民，因为他现在的生活中心在欧洲。“国家认同对我来说不重要，”他说，“我觉得自己完全是个国际人。如果你有四个朋友，又喜欢你所做的事情，那么你在哪儿无关紧要。这就是全球化。”

　　2. Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a U.S. citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. "I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that," he says.

　　亚历克斯·曼德尔也是全球化的狂热信徒，但他对自己的看法与布劳德不同。61岁的曼德尔曾任**电报电话公司总裁。他出生于奥地利，现在经营着一家法国技术公司，该公司在*的业务与日俱增。他估计自己几乎90%的时间都花在出差上。然而，尽管曼德尔全球到处跑，已经做了45年**公民的他还是认为自己是个**人。“我毫不迟疑地把自己当作**人。我在其他地方度过很多时间，但是这一事实不能改变我是**人，”他说。

　　3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global sup* of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and Women share at least one belief: that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable. They see the world increasingly as one vast, interconnected marketplace in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.

　　虽然布劳德和曼德尔对各自的国籍界定不同，他们都将国籍视为个人选择，而不是由出生地决定的。而且，他俩都是***人，这可不是巧合。***人指的是那些每年长途跋涉去瑞士阿尔卑斯山区小城***参加年度世界经济论坛——该论坛始于1971年——的国际商业精英们。本周，布劳德和曼德尔将同其他2200余名企业高管、政界人士、学者、**、作家和少数几位好莱坞明星一起，参加为时五天的交际活动、宴会和没完没了的认真的讨论。讨论话题林林总总，从大选后的伊拉克和非洲的艾滋病病毒到全球的石油供应和纳米技术的重大意义。然而今年，或许比以往更甚的是，***论坛的一个热门话题就是***本身。尽管与会男女各不相同，但他们大多数有一个共同信念：全球化，亦即资本、劳动力和技术不受阻碍地跨国界流动，是值得欢迎和不可**的。在他们看来，世界越来越像一个巨大的互相联系的市场。在这个市场里，企业寻求采购、生产及销售产品和服务的最佳地点。

新版大学英语综合教程第二版第四册第四课课文翻译3

　　Blue sky mold - creates brilliance

　　The blue sky mould company is one of the most famous extrusion mould manufacturers in China. We have two subsidiaries of TA mould company and TC mould company, four levels of mould and hundreds of product groups.

　　Established in 1993, TA mould company covers an area of 30 acres and is located in ningbo city, zhejiang province, known as the "hometown of mould" and "plastic kingdom". In 2007, to expand the company's entry into the world market, we built a new TC mould company.

　　As an experienced professional mould manufacturer, we have established a unique and complete mould manufacturing theory of extrusion system. We are in the leading position in mould design, thermal plastic precision slow motion control, PVC low foaming technology, WPC raw material formula, extrusion molding operation technology and so on.

　　Many of the mould products we have developed are widely used in construction materials, decoration, packaging and other industries, including daily necessities.

　　We are committed to creating brilliance in every field. In order to achieve such a goal, we work closely with our customers and work together to meet customer requirements with the most competitive price and optimal quality.

　　We are proud to be able to provide expert support and advice to our clients and to provide solutions for customers to select or develop efficient tooling products that meet their own requirements. Our technical team can provide services to all phases of your business and provide on-site operational training to enable customers to use products more effectively. In addition, we are not satisfied with the status quo, we have never stopped the pace of progress, and constantly strive to improve product service and quality.

　　Since we have abundant experience, advanced equipment and efficient production system, our products have been exported to more than 40 countries and regions, including Europe, America, southeast Asia and central Asia. We will try our best to provide the best extrusion mould and all-round technical support to our customers all over the world.

　　We are willing to join hands with you to create a brilliant future!

　　蓝天模具——创造辉煌

　　蓝天模具公司是*最著名的挤压式模具生产厂家之一。我们拥有TA 模具公司和TC 模具公司两家分公司、四个级别的模具和上百种产品组。

　　TA 模具公司建于1993 年，占地面积达30英亩，位于久负盛名的“模具之乡”和“塑料王国”之称的城市——浙江省宁波市。2007 年，为了扩大企业进军世界市场，我们又新建一个TC 模具公司。

　　作为经验丰富的专业的模具生产商，我们已创立了一套独特而完整的挤压式集成系统模具制造理论。我们在模具设计、热塑精密缓动**、PVC 低发泡技术、WPC 原料配方、挤压成型操作技术等方面都处于领先地位。

　　我们研发的众多模具产品被广泛地用于建筑材料业、装饰业、包装等行业，包括日常生活用品。

　　我们致力于在各个领域创造辉煌。为了达成这样的目标，我们与客户紧密合作，共同努力，以最具有竞争力的价格、最优的品质满足客户要求。

　　能够为客户提供专家**与建议，并为客户选择或开发符合自身要求的高效的模具产品提供解决方案，我们感到很自豪。我们的技术团队能够为您业务的各个阶段提供服务，并为客户提供现场操作培训，以使客户能够更有效地使用产品。除此之外，我们不满足于现状，从未停止过前进的脚步，不断追求提高产品服务与质量。

　　由于我们有丰富的经验、先进的设备和高效的生产体系，我们的产品已出口40 多个国家和地区，包括欧洲、美洲、东南亚和中亚等。我们将尽力为全球的客户提供*最好的挤压式模具和全方位的技术**。

　　我们愿和您携手共创灿烂美好的明天！

新版大学英语综合教程第二版第四册第四课课文翻译4

　　We have all wished, at some time or other, for a perfect memory. We want to be able to remember things in exact detail. It's too bad that we forget so much that we have learned in school and at home. How can we make a realistic opinion of ourselves if your recall of the past is neither accurate nor complete?Yet a perfect memory is not always as good as one might suppose. There was the story about a Russian journalist, S. He could remember long lists of numbers and words and many pages of a telephone book after seeing them for only a few seconds. He could repeat these lists both forward and backward, even after many years had passed. He also remembered the conditions under which he had first learned the material.S. used various memory tricks to help his memory. Many of these tricks involved forming mental pictures. But you shouldn't envy him, for he had a serious problem: he could not forget. Those mental pictures kept coming to his mind. They distracted him and made it difficult for him to concentrate.

　　我们都曾希望拥有完美的记忆力,想要记住事情的每一个细节。 我们会遗忘在学校和家里学到的很多东西,这太糟糕了。如果我们对过去的记忆既不准确又不完整ξ颐怯衷趺茨芄蛔龀龇合实际的自我评价呢? 然而,完美的记忆力并不总是像人们想象的那么美好。有这样一个关于*****“S”的故事。他只需看上几秒钟便能记住长串的数字、单词和许多页电话号码簿上的内容。甚至在多年以后,他仍能将这些长串的信息倒背如流。他还记得他第一次记这些材料时的情景。 “S”用各种各样的记忆“窍门”帮助自己记忆,其中的许多窍门涉及到在大脑中形成图像。不过,你不必羡慕他,因为他有一个很严重的问题:不会遗忘。那些大脑中的图像老是浮现在他眼前ナ顾分心,无法集中***。

新版大学英语综合教程第二版第四册第四课课文翻译5

　　Iron and the Effects of Exercise

　　Sports medicine experts have observed for years that endurance athletes, particularly females,frequently have iron deficiencies. Now a new study by a team of Purdue University researcherssuggests that even moderate exercise may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women.

　　"We found that women who were normally inactive and then started a program of moderate exerciseshowed evidence of iron loss," says Roseanne M. Lyle, associate professor at Purdue. Her study of 62formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week for six months was published in thejournal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.

　　"Women who consumed additional meat or took iron supplements were able to bounce back," shenotes. "But the new exercisers who followed their normal diet showed a decrease in iron levels."Iron deficiency is very common among women in general, affecting one in four female teenagers andone in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. But the ratio is even greater among active women,affecting up to 80 percent of female endurance athletes. This means, Lyle says, that "too many womenignore the amount of iron they take in";. Women of child-bearing age are at greatest risk, since theirmonthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss. Plus, many health-conscious women increase their riskby rejecting red meat, which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron. And because women oftenrestrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not consume enough iron-rich food, and areliable to experience a deficiency.

　　"The average woman takes in only two thirds of the recommended daily allowance for iron," notesanother expert. "For a woman who already has a poor iron status, any additional iron loss from exercisemay be enough to tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency," notes the expert.

　　Exercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms. Some iron is lost in sweat, and, forunknown reasons, intense endurance exercise is sometimes associated with bleeding of the digestivesystem. Athletes in high-impact sports such as running may also lose iron through a phenomenonwhere small blood vessels in the feet leak blood.

　　There are three stages of iron deficiency. The first and most common is having low iron reserves, acondition that typically has no symptoms. Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear in thesecond stage of deficiency, when not enough iron is present to form the molecules of blood protein thattransport oxygen to the working muscles. In the third and final stage, people often feel weak, tired, andout of breath — and exercise performance is severely compromised.

　　"People think that if they're not at the third stage, nothing is wrong, but that's not true," says John L.

　　Beard, who helped design the Purdue study. "You're not stage 3 until your iron reserves go to zero, andif you wait until that point, you're in trouble."However, most people with low iron reserves don't know they have a deficiency, because traditionalmethods of calculating the amount of iron in blood (by checking levels of the blood protein thattransports oxygen) are not sufficient, Beard states. Instead, it's important to check levels of a differentcompound, which indicates the amount of storage of iron in the blood. While active, child-bearing agewomen are most likely to have low iron stores, he notes, "Men are not safe, especially if they don't eatmeat and have a high level of physical activity." (An estimated 15 percent of male long distance runnershave low iron stores.) Beard and other experts say it's advisable for people in these groups to have ayearly blood test to check blood iron reserves.

　　If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifyingyour diet or by taking supplements. In general, it's better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet, because iron supplements can have serious shortcomings. Supplements mayproduce a feeling of wanting to throw up, and may be poisonous in some cases. The best sources of iron,and the only sources of the form of iron most readily absorbed by the body, are meat, chicken, and fish.

　　Good sources of other forms of iron include dates, beans, and some leafy green vegetables.

　　"Select breads and cereals with the words 'iron-added' on the label," writes sports diet expert NancyClark. "This added iron supplements the small amount that naturally occurs in grains. Eat these foodswith plentiful Vitamin C (for example, drink orange juice with cereal or put a tomato on a sandwich) toenhance the amount of iron absorbed." Clark also recommends cooking in iron pans, as food can deriveiron from the pan during the cooking process. "The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron potfor three hours showed a striking increase, the level going up nearly 30 times," she writes. And peoplewho are likely to have low iron should avoid drinking coffee or tea with meals, she says, sincesubstances in these drinks can interfere with iron being absorbed into the body.

　　"Active women need to be a lot more careful about their food choices," sums up Purdue's Lyle. "Ifyou pay attention to warning signs before iron reserves are gone, you can remedy the deficiency beforeit really becomes a problem."

　　课文翻译

　　运动医学专家经过多年的观察，发现耐力运动员，特别是女性，经常会缺铁。

　　普渡大学研究人员进行的一项新的研究表明：即使是适度的锻炼，也可能会降低女性血液中的铁含量。

　　“我们发现，那些通常不运动的女性一旦开始适度的锻炼，就会出现铁含量下降的迹象，”普渡大学罗斯安妮·M. 莱尔副教授说。

　　她对62名妇女进行了研究，并将研究结果发表在《体育运动医学与科学》杂志上。这些妇女原先不怎么运动，后来开始了为期6个月、每周3次的锻炼。

　　莱尔指出：“那些增食肉类食品或服用铁质补剂的女性能够恢复到健康状态。

　　但突然参加锻炼却仍沿用旧食谱的人则显示出铁含量降低。”

　　缺铁在女性中是很常见的，每四个十几岁的少女中有一人缺铁，每五个18至45岁的女性中有一人缺铁。

　　而在积极锻炼的妇女中这一比例更高，女耐力运动员中，缺铁者比例则高达80%。

　　莱尔说，这意味着 “太多女性忽视了自己摄入的铁含量”。

　　育龄女性危险最大，因为月经是**失的重要原因之一。

　　此外，许多保健意识太强的女性也很危险，因为她们拒绝食用牛肉或羊肉，而这些肉中含有的铁最易被吸收。

　　而且，由于女性常常为了**体重而节食，从而未能摄取足够的含铁丰富的食物，结果可能导致缺铁。

　　另一名专家指出，“普通女性每天摄入的铁只是应摄入量的三分之二。”

　　他指出，“对于那些已经缺铁的女性，任何因锻炼而产生的更多铁质流失都足以导致体内缺铁状况的恶化。”

　　运动可能通过多种机制导致**失。

　　有些铁随汗液流失。另外，由于某些未知的原因，高强度的耐力运动有时会引起消化系统内出血。

　　运动员从事跑步之类高强度剧烈运动，也可能会因为足部血管失血的现象而使铁质流失。

　　缺铁分为三个阶段：

　　第一也即最常见的阶段，是铁质储量不足。这一阶段一般没有症状。

　　到了缺铁的第二阶段，就会出现疲倦和力不从心，此时体内已没有足够的铁来形成血蛋白分子，将氧输至运动肌肉。

　　在第三即最后阶段，人常常感到虚弱、疲乏无力、喘不过气，运动成绩大打折扣。

　　“人们认为，只要不到第三阶段就不会有什么问题。这种想法是不对的。” 帮助设计普渡大学研究的约翰·L. 比尔德说。

　　“只有当你的铁储量为零时，你才会进入第三阶段。而你若坐等到这个时候，你的麻烦就大了。”

　　然而，比尔德指出，大多数铁质储量低的人并未意识到自己缺铁，因为传统的检测血液中铁含量的方法──检验血液中输送氧气的血蛋白的含量──是不够的。

　　其实，有必要检查血液中另一种混合成分的含量，它可以显示血液中的铁含量。

　　他还指出，虽然积极锻炼的育龄妇女最有可能铁含量低，“但男性也并非不缺铁，尤其是在他们不吃肉类而又从事高强度的体力活动的情况下。”

　　（估计有15%的男性长跑运动员铁含量低。）比尔德和其他专家都说，对这些人而言，最好每年验一次血，以测定血液中的铁含量。

　　如果铁含量低，就要去看医生，以确定是否该通过调整饮食或服用铁质补剂来校正不足。

　　一般说来，解决问题的最好方法是在食谱中增加含铁丰富的食物，因为铁质补剂可能存在严重缺陷。“服用铁质补剂可能使人想呕吐，有时甚至还会引起中毒。

　　最好的铁来源，以及唯一最易为身体所吸收的铁来源，是肉、鸡和鱼。

　　其他较好的铁质来源包括枣、豆类和一些多叶绿色蔬菜。”

　　“选择那些标有‘加铁’字样的面包和麦片，” 运动营养专家南希·克拉克写道，

　　“这些增加的铁质补充了谷物中自然含铁量的不足。将这些食物与含有大量维生素C的食物一起食用──比如吃麦片时喝橘子汁，或在三明治内夹上番茄──可以促进铁质吸收。”

　　克拉克还建议用铁锅烹食，因为烹调过程中食物能从铁锅中吸收铁质。

　　她写道，“在铁锅内烹煮了3个小时的番茄汁，其铁含量**提高，增加到原来的30倍左右。” 她说，铁含量可能低的人，吃饭时应避免喝咖啡或饮茶，因为这些饮料中所含的物质会妨碍身体对铁质的吸收。

　　“运动女性应特别注意选择饮食。”普渡大学的莱尔总结说：

　　“如果你在铁含量流失之前就注意到了警告信号，你就可以在它真正成为问题之前弥补铁质的不足。”

　　正如运动能强心、健肺、固骨、强肌一样，运动也能健脑。

　　对动物的一系列科学研究表明，体育活动对智力的发挥有积极作用。

　　伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳──尚佩恩分校的大脑科学家威廉·格里诺说，“很明显，运动使大脑受益。”

　　他对老鼠的研究已经表明运动具有两大功效：高强度体育运动给大脑提供更多的燃料，而技巧性运动则增强大脑神经的联结。依照某些科学家的见解，这种联结能使大脑更好地处理信息。

　　在一项实验中，实验鼠被分成三组：

　　第一组在自动轮中跑动，第二组通过一种复杂的越障训练来提高技能，第三组则不做任何运动。

　　“与跑动的和不运动的老鼠相比，经过越障训练的老鼠的脑神经联结数更多。”格里诺说，

　　“相比之下，在自动轮中跑动的老鼠，较之其他两组的老鼠，其大脑的血管密度更大。”

　　他说，学习一种新的舞步和学习一种语言一样，都能促进大脑发展。

　　如果这种舞蹈还是一种良好的体育运动，则益处加倍。格里诺的另一组实验显示，年轻的大脑尤其能够通过运动来增强能力。这组实验表明，从小就锻炼的老鼠，其大脑的变化最为显著。

　　他说尽管动物不是人，但依此推断锻炼对老鼠带来的作用同样适用于人类也合乎逻辑。

　　对人类的研究主要集中在老年人身上。其结果表明，经常锻炼能提高大脑处理信息的速度。

　　伊利诺伊大学阿瑟·克雷默测量的结果表明，63至82岁不运动的人，在完成为期10周的水上运动课程之后，听音击键的反应加快了。

　　对照组没有经过锻炼，其反应速度没有提高。

　　接受运动训练之后，人的反应速度可能会加快，这是因为与衰老有关的机能衰退实际上源于体质下降。

　　一些科学家推测，除了药物作用和饮食不当等相关因素外，常常归咎于衰老的大脑功能下降实际上可能是不注意保持体育运动带来的一种后果。

　　亚利桑那州立大学的运动学教授丹**·M. 兰德斯最近发表了一篇文章，对有关运动对大脑影响的科学文献进行了综述。他说：“对老年人来说，锻炼计划对维持大脑功能显得非常重要。”

　　许多研究表明，经常进行体育锻炼的孩子，在学业上比不活动的同学优秀。

　　但直到最近，人们还是认为因参加体育运动而获得的学业优势来自于增强的自信、更好的心态，以及运动后所带来的集中***的能力。

　　而现在，一些科学家修正了他们的看法，表示这可能与身体状况有关。

　　另一名专家皮尔斯·J. 霍华德说，新的研究表明，体育锻炼提高了大脑中某些激发神经细胞生长的化学物质的含量。

　　因此，那些进行锻炼的人的大脑可能更有能力应付各种智力挑战。

　　不活动对大脑和身体都可能有负面影响。

　　“科学家们认识到，心即是身，身即是心，”霍华德评价道。他说，最有益的运动能身心兼顾。

全新版大学英语综合教程第二版4第四册课后习题答案和翻译免3篇（扩展4）

——大学体验英语综合教程2第二版课后答案unit23篇

大学体验英语综合教程2第二版课后答案unit21

　　3. CAAAC

　　4.1.version 2.publications 3.click 4.spotted 5.refugees 6.entries 7.financial 8.full-time 9.detailed 10.annual

　　5. 1.set5 up 2.came across 3.referred…to 4.check out 5.learnet of/learned of

　　6. 1.career 2.interview 3.procedure 4.exhibit 5.profile

　　7. 1 The policeman are busy filling out forms about the accident.

　　2.I want to fill up the fuel tank before returning the car.

　　3.If you want to make a compliment, you’d better follow the correct procedure.

　　4.We couldn’t have finished the experiment so soon without John’s help.

　　5.After the storm, the people on the shore anxiously scanned the lake for any sign of the boat.

　　8. 1 He had just been promoted to vice president of the company and wasn’t expecting another promotion in six months.

　　2 Shortly after he graduated from school, he jumped to a satisfactory job.

　　3 Most colleges and universities have their homepages, enabling applicants to scan for the information available about university they want to ap* to.

　　4 With a click of her mouse, she submitted her assignment to the tutor and soon got the re*.

　　5 By accessing the website of the university she was going to study in, she saw color photos of the university, including a detailed map of the university campus.

大学体验英语综合教程2第二版课后答案unit22

　　12. BDDCA

　　13. 1 stressed 2 distinguished 3 invest 4 matured 5 covered 6 soured 7 concept 8 balance 9 discount 10 discipline

　　14. 1 paid off 2 make ends meet 3 To this day 4 picked up 5 thanks to

　　15.1. I’m not supposed to let anyone in without an ID card, but I’ll make an exception in your case.

　　2. He has learned his lessons from the failure and won’t repeat the mistakes.

　　3. I have great faith in your ability --- I’m sure you’ll succeed.

　　4. Even though it was raining, we still went on with our match.

　　5. I woke up to find myself lying on a hospital bed.

　　16.1. At the University of Denver.

　　2. In Colorado.

　　3. Over the Rocky Mountains.

　　4.Frome her window.

　　5 Next month when she gets home.

　　6 Share all the happiness and sadness they are feeling.

　　7 She feels a little homesick.

　　8 In the afternoon on Tuesday, December 1st.

全新版大学英语综合教程第二版4第四册课后习题答案和翻译免3篇（扩展5）

——大学体验英语综合教程2 第二版课后答案unit7

大学体验英语综合教程2 第二版课后答案unit71

　　Exercise 3: 1-5:AACDB

　　Exercise 4: 1. optimist 2. reconstruction 3. sway 4. principles 5. gross

　　6. fulfilled 7. election 8. surgery 9. pillar 10. rigid

　　Exercise 5: 1. brought out her best 2. turn out 3. works out

　　4. Hang in there 5. by nature

　　Exercise 6: hateful 2. criticizes 3. Congress 4. cancer 5. tremendously

　　Exercise 7:

　　1. He did not regret what he had said but felt that he could have expressed it differently.

　　2. We’d better wait till 14 December. David will have his exam by then, so he’ll be able to go on holiday with us.

　　3. He’s working on a new project which has to be finished by the end of the year.

　　4. They are letting us use their lab, and in return, we are sharing with them the results of our research.

　　5. Such things as making and answering telephone calls take up most of the secretary’s time.

　　Exercise 8:

　　1. Despite his illness, he is a pillar of strength for our company and especially for the sales department.

　　2. She never feared difficulties, because she knew that no matter what, her parents’ concern and love would be there.

　　3. Tom decided to drop out of school, and Mr. Wilson tried to sway him from his decision, as any responsible teacher would.

　　4. As it turned out, the Chinese Women’s Volleyball Team went on to win one gold medal after another, an exciting event for the whole country.

　　5. Hang in there and your goal will certainly be achieved.

　　Exercise 12: 1-5: FTTTT

　　Exercise 13:

　　1. anyway 2. spat 3. adjusting 4. frequently 5. chilly 6. regularly 7. grip

　　8. pinching 9. scraped 10. crawl

　　Exercise 14: 1. on the phone 2. as a result of 3. back and forth

　　4. around the corner 5. hold onto

　　Exercise 15:

　　1. They sold their house and went off to live in Canada with their daughter.

　　2. ---What will you be doing this time next week?

　　--- I’ll be working as usual.

　　3. He was intelligent and hard-working and before long he took over the editing of the magazine.

　　4. Don’t you hate it when someone hangs up on you before you finish speaking?

　　5. To their horror, the roof of their caught fire.

　　Exercise 17

　　1. As 2. When 3. After 4. until 5. when

　　Exercise 18:

　　1. If 2. because 3. Unless 4. although 5. Since

　　Exercise 19:

　　1. you have greatly improved your writing skill

　　2. Mary is thinking of getting a porce

　　3. We won’t drive this way

　　4. keep it a secret

　　5. Jane was listening to the radio

全新版大学英语综合教程第二版4第四册课后习题答案和翻译免3篇（扩展6）

——新编大学英语(第二版第四册)课后答案免费下载

新编大学英语(第二版第四册)课后答案免费下载1

　　新编大学英语(第二版)

　　作者：浙江大学 编著

　　出版社：外语教学与研究出版社

　　出版日期：2008-01-01

　　第二版的《新编大学英语》由三部分组成：

　　1)《新编大学英语》学生用书(配有磁带和光盘)，教师用书;

　　2)《新编大学英语》视听说教程学生用书(配有磁带和光盘)，教师用书(配有教师用磁带);

　　3)《新编大学英语》网络课件