什么叫做定语从句
什么叫做定语从句
初中阶段,定语从句可以说是一个难点。下面是小编为你带来的什么叫做定语从句 ,欢迎阅读。
什么叫做定语从句 篇1
要学定语从句,得知道什么是定语。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。例如,a good book, good就是定语。那么复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,相当于形容词,在句中作定语。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等,绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why,how等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的某个成分。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1、由who, whom, that,Whose引导的从句
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who作主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物,只用作定语。
(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师
(4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。
2、由which, that引导的从句
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如:
(1) Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)
(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)
注意: 代表物时多用which,但在下列情况中用that而不用which:
a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时;
b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略;
c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时;
d)先行词中既有人又有物时;
e)整个句中前面已有which,who,that时;
f)当先行词为物并作表语时;
g)先行词为one时;
h)先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时;
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1、when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
2、where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语 Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3、why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语 ,用在reason 后面。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
常见考法
对于定语从句的考查,多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,常从关系词的意义和功能的角度考查,重点是that,which,who引导的定语从句。
典型例题:
You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who B. whom C. whom D. who
解析:先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.
答案:D
误区提醒
当表示时间或地点的名词作先行词时,要判断出它们在从句中作状语还是主语或宾语。作状语时用关系副词,反之用关系代词。
典型例题:
I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
解析:两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.
答案:A
什么叫做定语从句 篇2
that常用作关系代词,可指代某人,也可指代某物,指物时有的时候可用which替换that,指人时可用who替换。但在下列情况下,一般用that。
一、that指代某物事时
1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时。如:
(1)We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered plants and animals.
我们将尽我们的最大努力来保护那些濒危的动植物。
(2) There is much that I wan to tell you.
我有很多想要告诉你的话。
(3) Is there anything that I can do for you?
有什么我可以帮你的吗?
2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定词修饰时。如:
(4) You can borrow any book that you want to read in our school library.
在我们图书馆,你可以借任何你想读的书。
3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如:
(5)This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen.
这是我见过的最漂亮的城市。
4. 先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修饰时。如:
(6)This is the very factory that they visited last summer holiday.
这恰好是他们去年参观的那个工厂。
(7)This is the only painting in this style that we have.
这种风格的画我们仅有一幅。
5. 先行词是并列结构,既有人又有物时。如:
(8)He talked happily of the writer and his books that interested him.
6. 先行词前有the same 修饰,表示和先行词是同一物时。如:
(9)This is the same purse that I lost yesterday.
这就是我昨天丢的那个钱夹。
注:如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物,则用the same…as….如:
(10)This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.
这个钱夹和我昨天丢的那个一样。
7. 先行词为数词时。
(11)Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two that you bought me for my birthday.
瞧书架上那些书。你可以看到我过生日时你买的那两本。
8. 如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句,为避免重复,第二个定语从句用that。如:
(12)They built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.
他们建了一工厂,生产以前从未见过的东西。
9. 以which作主语开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复,定语从句用that。如。
(13)Which is the bus that you will take?
你要乘的是哪一班车?
10. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,而且通常省略。如:
(14)My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.
我的家乡再也不是以前那个样子了。
11. 关系代词在there be 句型中作主语时,而且常可以省略。如:
(15)This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.
这是有史以来最快的列车。
二、that 指代某人时。
1. 泛指某人时。如:
(16)He is a man that is never at a loss.
他是一个从未一筹莫展的人。
2. 主句是以作主语的who开头的.特殊问句,为了避免重复时。如:
(17)Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster?
和我们校长说话的那人是谁?
3. 先行词前有the same时。如:
(18)This is the same man that gave us a talk last year.
这和去年给我们作报告的是同一人。
4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如:
(19)He has changed. He was not the man (that) he was 10 years ago.
他变了。他再也不是10年前的他了。
另外,that也可用作关系副词,表示时间、地点、原因和方式,在口语中可以用来代替when, where, why 引导的定语从句。在以下名词day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行词时,可用that作关系副词引导定语从句。如:
(20)I'll never forget the day (that) I joined the League.
我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。
(21)Is this the reason (that) they were late for the meeting?
这就是他们开会迟到的原因吗?
(22)We want to find a place (that) we can have a picnic.
我们想找一个我们能野餐的地方。
(23)This is the first time that I have been abroad for traveling.
这是我第一次到国外去旅游。
(注:先行词是time,前面有序数词或last修饰时,常用that引导定语从句或者省略。)
当先行词为表示方式的词the way时,可用that引导定语从句, that常可以省略。
(24)I don't the way you speak to her.
我不喜欢你和她说话那种方式。
什么叫做定语从句 篇3
一、指人的意思
that用于指人,在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如:
A driver that has knocked someone down must stop. 撞人的司机必须停车。(关系代词that指driver,在从句中作主语)
He is the man that you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。(关系代词that指man,在从句中作宾语)
He is not that man that he was. 他已不是过去的他了。(关系代词that指man,在从句中作表语)
二、指物的意思
that用于指物,在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如:
This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon. 这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。(关系代词that指plane,在定语从句中作主语)
She was annoyed by something that I had said. 她为我说的某句话而不高兴。(关系代词that指something,在定语从句中作宾语)
Shengzhen is not the city that it used to be. 深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。(关系代词that指city,在定语从句中作表语)
三、不用that的情况
(1) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.
(2) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
四、 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(1) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。
(2) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
(3) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时,只用that。
(4) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。.
(5) 先行词既有人,又有物时。
(6) 先行词指物,在主句中作表语时.
(7) 为了避免重复.
(8) 先行词是the way或the reason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略
(9) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时
什么叫做定语从句 篇4
1. think it + adj + that
在讲今天的语法之前,我们回顾一下平时同学们在写作以及阅读中可能比较疑惑的例句:
I think it important that you tell your mother the truth.
疑惑之处在于,it后面为什么没有is?
例句采用了这样的句型:“think it + adj”。此处,it为形式宾语,that引导的宾语从句才是真实宾语,而important是宾语补足语。所以,it是形式宾语而不是主语,不需要加be动词。
一般情况下,各位更熟悉的句型是:“I think (that) it is important that... ”;这两者都是正确的,注意区分和辨别。
感兴趣的同学还可以去这个网站看看:English Language & Usage。它给出了以下几个类似的例句:
e.g. We do not think it necessary to go.
e.g. Some people do not think it important to be thrifty.
2. 定语从句中的that
定语从句中比较容易处理方面是,定语从句中“that”多可省略,表现为关系代词作宾语的情况:
e.g. He must be the man (that) you have been looking for.
此处,man作looking for的宾语。
至于不可省略的that,这里小编只举两例,算是比较常用的规则哦:
(1)紧接着上面阐述,除了关系代词作宾语的情况外,其余时候多不能省略that。比如小编给各位找来一个作主语的例子,各位可以举一反三:
e.g. All that glitters is not gold.(发光的未必都是金子。)
此处,that指代主语,不可以省略。
(2)我们都知道that引导定语从句,可指人也可指物,算是兼有“who”和“which”的作用;但当定语从句修饰的先行词既有人又有物时,那么就只能用that且不可省略了。
e.g. I still remember the things and persons that I met when I traveled to Tibet.
接下来再给各位同学出一道题检验一下今天学习的知识点到底掌握了没有,题目如下:
This is the fastest train that there is to Beijing.
上句话中的that是否可以省略?
A. yes
B. no
答案:A、可以省略。
(1)首先我们来判断一下此处that引导的从句在句子中是什么成分:
This is the fastest train that there is to Beijing .
由于there be句型的特殊性,并不是跟在be动词后面的就一定是宾语,there be句型本身就是一个倒装。这种句型之所以要用there作引导词,而把主语置于动词之后,是为了使主语成为信息中心,以达到引出新话题的目的。上述例句中的train是定语从句中的主语成分。
(2)认真学习的同学肯定还记得上期小编总结了一句“定语从句中that多可省略,表现为关系代词作宾语的情况”,因此各位就倾向于记住宾语之外的成分都不可以省略that,但there be结构却是特例。具体语法点为:在there be结构中出现定语从句,或在定语从句中出现there be时,用作主语的关系代词也可省略。
(3)因此,上述例句中的train虽作从句的主语成分,但由于there be结构的特殊性,that仍旧可以省略。此处特例建立在固定结构的用法基础上,也算是有规律可循的特例了。
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