新视野大学英语第三版第一册Unit9课后习题答案1

　　III.1. accomplish 2. responsibility 3. amount 4. performance 5. alter

　　6. adapt 7. aroused 8. remarkable 9. investigate 10. entertain

　　IV.

　　1. out 2.to 3.in 4.from 5.back 6.as 7.with 8.with 9.behind 10.on

　　V.

　　1.G 2.L 3.D 4.F 5.K 6.N 7.O 8.I 9.C 10.A

　　Sentence Structure

　　VI.

　　1. Should you change your mind, no one will be upset.

　　2. Should a serious cr**** arise, the public would have to be informed of it.

　　3. Should you fail in the exam, your parents and teacher will not blame you.

　　4. Should you have a major change in your plan, let us know in time.

　　5. should your car break down, change to a bus.

　　VII.

　　1. You should talk to your teacher instead of just complaining to me about it.

　　2. They raised prices and cut production, instead of cutting costs.

　　3. He decided that he would drive back to town instead of putting up for the night at the hotel.

　　4. He nodded his head instead of saying anything where his voice might express the real truth.

　　5. My mother prefers making her own clothes instead of buying clothes in the shops.

　　Translation

　　VIII.

　　1. Should you have any doubt about the plan, please feel free to contact us at any time.

　　2. We have learned how to face reality instead of escaping from it.

　　3. It just proves that you can’t hope to turn in a worthy report if you haven’t done enough preparation.

　　4. We have to face that possibility no matter how unlikely it may sound.

　　5. The newcomers found it hard to adapt themselves to the climate there.

　　6. It strikes me as odd that school children are required to come to school two hours before class.

　　IX.

　　1. 遗憾的是，他也一点英语都不会说，但是如果你想去某个地方，把地址写下来交给他就行了。

　　2. 下次你若有问题，要考虑怎样改变处境，不要过于担心各种负面因素。

　　3. 不管什么天气，她*均每天跑15英里。

　　4. 好的摄影作品和普通的摄影作品最重要的一个区别因素是用光手法。

　　5. 实际上，大多数员工从不愿意把新产品使用手册坚持看完。

　　6. 一旦你感到放松后，就把***集中在音乐上，看看心中有什么意象出现。

　　Cloze

　　X.

　　1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.B 110.A 11.A 12.C 3.B 14.C 15.C

　　Structured Writing

　　XII.

　　Visual aids offer several advantages. The primary advantage is clarity. If you are discussing an object, you can make your message clearer by showing the object. If you are citing statistics, showing how something works, or demonstrating a technique, a visual aid will make you information more vivid to your audience. By using visual aids in your speeches, you often will make it easier for listeners to understand exactly what you are trying to communicate. Another advantage of visual aids is interest. The interest generated by visual images is so strong that visual aids are now widely used in many areas, not just speechmaking.

新视野大学英语第三版第一册Unit9课后习题答案扩展阅读

新视野大学英语第三版第一册Unit9课后习题答案（扩展1）

——新视野大学英语第1册Unit1课后答案和翻译第三版

新视野大学英语第1册Unit1课后答案和翻译第三版1

　　III.

　　1. rewarding 2. communicate 3. access 4. embarrassing 5. positive 6. commitment 7. virtual 8. benefits 9. minimum 10. opportunities

　　IV

　　1. up 2. into 3. from 4. with 5. to 6. up 7. of 8. in 9. for 10.with

　　V

　　1.G 2.B 3.E 4.I 5.H 6.K 7.M 8.O 9.F 10.C

　　Sentence Structure

　　VI.

　　1. Universities in the east are better equipped, while those in the west are relatively poor.

　　2. Allan Clark kept talking the price up, while Wilkinson kept knocking it down.

　　3. The husband spent all his money drinking, while his wife saved all hers for the family.

　　4. Some guests spoke pleasantly and behaved politely, while others wee insulting and impolite.

　　5. Outwardly Sara was friendly towards all those concerned, while inwardly she was angry.

　　VII.

　　1. Not only did Mr. Smith learn the Chinese language, but he also bridged the gap between his culture and ours.

　　2. Not only did we learn the technology through the online course, but we also learned to communicate with friends in English.

　　3. Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.

　　4. Not only do the workers want a pay increase, but they also want reduced working hours.

　　5. Not only is the house expensive, but it is also too far away from my company.

　　Translation

　　VIII.

　　1. Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online course, but they can also take time to think through answers before making a reply.

　　2. She is excited by the idea of online learning while be considers it meaningless and useless.

　　3. Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot.

　　4. Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need.

　　5. He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after the children. She feels, however, that this is too much for her.

　　6. Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.

　　IX.

　　1. 我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有价值的。如果没有他，我的英语说得不会像现在这样好。

　　2 没有任何其他语言能像英语那样让你感受到多姿多彩的世界文化。有了过硬的英语知识，你就可以体验奇妙的文化之旅。

　　3. 写作不仅仅要写老师布置的话题，而且要写自己感兴趣的东西，例如，给朋友写电子邮件。

　　4. 远程教学课程是指授课者与学生通过计算机通信技术进行交流的课程。

　　5. 英语不但是世界上最有用的`语言，也是世界上最易学、易用的语言之一。

　　6远程教学课程在时间安排上给予学生更多的**，但与其他课程比，这些课程要求学生有更强的自律能力。

　　Cloze

　　1. B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C 6,C 7.B 8.A 9.a 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.B

　　Structured Writing

　　XII. I am proud to say that I succeeded in learning a foreign language. It was a real challenge and, needless to say, it took a lot of practice. I carried a small dictionary with me everywhere I went as well as a notebook in which I listed new words I came across. I also managed my time carefully so that I met the standards of the course and finished assignments on time. After years of persistence, I reaped the benefits of all my hard work.

新视野大学英语第三版第一册Unit9课后习题答案（扩展2）

——新视野大学英语第3版第一册Unit4课后答案详解

新视野大学英语第3版第一册Unit4课后答案详解1

　　Comprehension of the Text

　　1. He was waiting to see a woman who had filled a special place in his life for the past thirteen months.

　　2. Soon after he volunteered for military service, he received a book and a letter from this woman.

　　3. John Blandford was the only person to write her back.

　　4. She had faithfully written to John. Even when his letters did not arrive, she wrote anyway, without decrease.

　　5. As long as he received her letters, he felt as thought he could survive.

　　6. She declined his request and explained her objection.

　　7. Yes, but she had asked a lady well over forty to wear the rose on her coat.

　　8. She wanted to make sure that John didn’t love her just for her beauty.

　　Vocabulary

　　III.

　　1. forbid 2. identical 3. objection 4. warmth 5. volunteers

　　6. overseas 7. declined 8. resisted 9. fancy 10. decrease/decline

　　IV.

　　1. without fail 2. volunteer for 3. as long as 4. right away

　　5. more than 6. am thankful...for 7. wrote back 8. forbidden from

　　9. vanished into 10. was free to

　　V.

　　1.O 2.J 3.G 4.H 5.L 6.A 7.E 8.B 9.C 10.N

　　WordBuilding

　　VI.

　　1. sadness 2. weakness 3. carelessness 4. illness

　　5. darkness 6. kindness 7. laziness 8. nervousness

　　VII.

　　1. noisy 2. wealthy 3. sunny 4. lucky

　　5. tasty 6. healthy 7. angry 8. icy

　　Sentence structure

　　VIII.

　　1. It is necessary for the manager to finish the whole task before leaving for a holiday.

　　2. It is a shame to take so much money for doing so little.

　　3. It is our responsibility to help people around us who are in trouble.

　　4. It is a surprise for us all to realize he has been cheating us.

　　5. It is pleasant for the mother to see her daughter growing into a young lady.

　　IX.

　　1. as long as she got her father's agreement

　　2. As long as you set a goal for yourself

　　3. As long as she covers all the expenses herself

　　4. as long as she does her job well

　　5. As long as you never lose heart

　　Translation

　　X.

　　1. It is a great pleasure to meet friends from afar.

　　2. It doesn't matter whether the cat is black or white as long as it catches mice.

　　3. You must let me have the money back without fail by ten o'clock tomorrow morning.

　　4. Allow me to take part in this project: I am more than a little interested in it.

　　5. Everyone knows that he is special: He is free to come and go as he pleases.

　　6. Watching the unhappy look on her face, I felt as though she wished to say something to me.

　　XI.

　　1. 现如今，仅仅受过中等教育的人要想找份好工作越来越难了。

　　2. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。

　　3. 如果你对所购物品不满意，我们将很乐意退款。

　　4. 我们对这块伟大的`美丽的土地心怀感激之情，多年来它迎接了众多的人来这里的海滩游览。

　　5. 让老师吃惊的是，没人自愿当班长。

　　6. 那条狗忠心耿耿地继续在火车站等待主人，直到两年后死去。

　　Cloze

　　XII.

　　1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.A 12.B 13.D 14.C 15.C

　　XIV.

　　Parents have to save a large amount of money for their children to study abroad. Apart from the international flight, they have to pay for their daily expense, such as food, shelter, entertainment, long-distance telephone calls, and clothing. In addition, the children should have some money ready to cover unexpected expenses.

新视野大学英语第三版第一册Unit9课后习题答案（扩展3）

——新视野大学英语第3版第一册Unit5课后答案

新视野大学英语第3版第一册Unit5课后答案1

　　Comprehension of the Text

　　I.

　　1. She feels terrible. She wants to weep and she does weep a little.

　　2. He smoked Prince Albert tobacco in cigarettes he rolled himself.

　　3. He father was hooked by cigarettes. Though he smoked Prince Albert tobacco, he never looked as fashionable as Prince Albert; he continued to look like a poor, overweight, hard-working colored man with too large a family.

　　4. By that time, her father’s health had become poor. His breathing was difficult; he had to rest very often when he was climbing stairs. It was not unusual for him to cough for an hour.

　　5. Money that should be spent for food goes instead to the tobacco companies. As a result, over time, people starve themselves of both food and air, effectively weakening and hooking their children, and eventually killing themselves.

　　6. Cigarette ends are so poisonous that if a baby swallows one, it is likely to die. Also, the boiled water from a hunch of cigarette ends makes an effective insecticide.

　　7. she still remembers how carefully she ate when she was pregnant, and how patiently she taught her daughter how to cross a street safely, but now her daughter smokes, which amounts to killing herself by taking poison, as her father did.

　　8. Smoking is a form of self-battering that also batters others who must sit by.

　　Vocabulary

　　III.

　　1. hardened 2. shelter 3. slim 4. weaken 5. Literally

　　6. noticeable 7. bunch 8. drag 9. grateful 10. hooked

　　IV.

　　1. leaned on 2. close at hand 3. die of 4. are starved of 5. coupled with 6. is directed...at 7. are...dressed in 8. grateful to 9. struggling to 10. a bunch of

　　V.

　　1.J 2.G 3.K 4.M 5.E 6.O 7.D 8.H 9.A 10.C

　　WordBuilding

　　VI.

　　1. Under the pleasant situation the property prices are just beginning to harden again.

　　2. In the past few years, these inside conflicts have weakened the government's position.

　　3. Every Sunday the father takes his child to libraries, museums, exhibitions or natural parks, as he believes that this helps to broaden the child's mind.

　　4. The days are lengthening as summer approaches.

　　5. As she was waiting for the result to come out, her excitement heightened.

　　6. The taking on of a new secretary lightened his workload considerably.

　　7. As he listened to his assistant reporting on the progress of the project, the manager's face darkened with anger.

　　8. Before night fell, the setting sun reddened the clouds.

　　VII.

　　1. arrival 2. expectations 3. understandable 4. Visitors 5. freedom 6. profitable 7. lucky 8. gathering

　　Sentence structure

　　VIII.

　　1. John went to the cinema with his brother, which surprised me.

　　2. The boy broke the window, for which he was criticized by the teacher.

　　3. He tore up my photo, by which I was angered very much.

　　4. It was raining hard, for which the team stayed indoors.

　　5. Connie changed her mind for the second time, which came as no surprise to us.

　　IX.

　　1. The teacher spoke so quietly that the students could hardly hear her.

　　2. The lecture was so boring that many listeners fell asleep.

　　3. The student has so many books that he does not know what to do with them.

　　4. The old man was so ill that his neighbors had to send for a doctor.

　　5. Her remarks are so funny that everyone laughs to tears.

　　Translation

　　X.

　　1. He spoke confidently, which impressed me most.

　　2. My father is so forgetful that he is always looking for his keys.

　　3. I'm very grateful to you for all the help you have given me.

　　4. The bad light, coupled with the wet ground, made driving very difficult.

　　5. Being starved of funds, they had to cancel their plan to start a business.

　　6. They always lean on us whenever they are in trouble.

　　XI.

　　1. 飞机可能会晚点几个小时，要是那样，我们等着就没有什么意义了。

　　2. 乔治常常说谎，因此当他说他考试得了高分时没人相信他。

　　3. 除了附近位于十字路口的那家小工厂，一切都静悄悄的'。

　　4. 缺少睡眠的人会感到很难集中心思干活。

　　5. 我安排人去机场接克拉克先生，然后带他去宾馆。

　　6. 一到达山顶，游客们都高兴地大叫起来。

　　Cloze

　　XII.

　　1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.B

　　11.D 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.C

　　XIV.

　　There are many problems for mixed marriages. The number one reason is the cultural differences between the mixed couple, like those in customs and lifestyle. Many people have prejudice against mixed marriages. They often feel shocked to see people of different races get married and have doubts about such marriages. What’s more, children from mixed marriages tend to be looked down upon or even badly treated by their peers. Mixed marriages face many trials, and as a result, mixed couples have higher porce rates than couples of the same race.

新视野大学英语第三版第一册Unit9课后习题答案（扩展4）

——大学英语精读第一册Unit Seven

大学英语精读第一册Unit Seven1

　　The author finds out that good intentions alone are not enough when his attempt to be kind to an old man leaves them both feeling worse than before.

　　The Sampler

　　In a certain store where they sell puddings, a number of these delicious things are laid out in a row during the Christmas season. Here you may select the one which is most to your taste, and you are even allowed to sample them before coming to a decision.

　　I have often wondered whether some people, who had no intention of making a purchase, would take advantage of this privilege. One day I asked this question of the shop girl, and I learned it was indeed the case.

　　"Now there's one old gentleman, for instance," she told me, "he comes here almost every week and samples each one of the puddings, though he never buys anything, and I suspect he never will. I remember him from last year before that, too. Well, let him come if he wants it, and welcome to it. And what's more, I hope there are a lot more stores where he can go and get his share. He looks as if he needed it all right, and I suppose they can afford it."

　　She was still speaking when an elderly gentleman limped up to the counter and began looking closely at the row of puddings with great interest.

　　"Why, that's the very gentleman I've been telling you about," whispered the shop girl." Just watch him now." And then turning to him:" Would you like to sample them, sir? Here's spoon for you to use."

　　The elderly gentleman, who was poorly but neatly dressed, accepted the spoon and began eagerly to sample one after another of the puddings, only braking off occasionally to wipe his red eyes with a large torn handkerchief.

　　"This is quite good."

　　"This is not bad either, but a little too heavy."

　　All the time it was quite evident that he sincerely believed that he might eventually buy one of these puddings, and I am positive that he did not for a moment feel that he was in any way cheating the store. Poor old chap! Probably he had come down in the world and this sampling was all that was left him from the time when he could afford to come and select his favorite pudding.

　　Amidst the crowd of happy, prosperous looking Christmas shoppers, the little black figure of the old man seemed pitiful and out of place, and in a burst of benevolence, I went up to him and said:

　　"Pardon me, sir, will you do me a favor? Let me purchase you one of these puddings. It would give me such pleasure."

　　He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushed into his wrinkled face.

　　"Excuse me," he said, with more dignity than I would have thought possible considering his appearance, "I do not believe I have the pleasure of knowing you. Undoubtedly you have mistaken me for someone else." And with a quick decision he turned to the shop girl and said in a loud voice, "Kindly pack me up this one here. I will take it with me." He pointed at one of the largest and most expensive of the puddings.

　　The girl took down the pudding from its stand and started to make a parcel of it, while he pulled out a worn little black pocketbook and began counting out shillings and pennies on to the counter. To save his "honour" he had been forced into a purchase which he could not possibly afford. How I longed for the power to unsay my tactless words! It was too late though, and I felt that the kindest thing I could do now would be walk away.

　　"You pay at the desk," the shop girl was telling him, but he did not seem to understand and kept trying to put the coins into her hand. And that was the last I saw or the old man. Now he can never go there to sample pudding any more.

新视野大学英语第三版第一册Unit9课后习题答案（扩展5）

——新视野大学英语第二册Unit9课后答案和翻译(第3版)

新视野大学英语第二册Unit9课后答案和翻译(第3版)1

　　Comprehension of the Text

　　I.

　　1. His mother. Because she influenced his thoughts and attitudes toward life.

　　2. He learned from his mother that one should never quit.

　　3. The family was homeless, jobless and penniless with three babies waiting to be fed.

　　4. She quit school to find a job as a grocer and moved the family to live with her brother, Allen.

　　5. She discovered in him a talent for words.

　　6. Though very poor, she signed him up for a set of books for intermediate and advanced readers.

　　7. He worked as a reporter with the Baltimore Sun and later with The New York Times. He won the Pulitzer Prize.

　　8. No, she didn’t have the chance to know of it because her health collapsed, but she always believed in it.

　　Vocabulary

　　III.

　　1.ambitious 2.sympathize 3.tender 4.considering 5.corruption 6.scattered 7.intermediate 8.corresponding 9.equivalent 10.deceived

　　IV.

　　1.to 2.around 3.to/with 4.up 5.out 6.to 7.out 8.of 9.From 10.in

　　V.

　　1.J 2.M 3.F 4.L 5,A 6.O 7.G 8.D 9.I 10.C

　　Word Building

　　VI.

　　1. After working extra hours for several months, I have repaid the money to the bank.

　　2. I didn’t enjoy the story at first, but I came to like it when I reread it.

　　3. He replaced the book on the shelf when he finished it.

　　4. She is slowly regaining he strength after the accident.

　　5. The old city center was redesigned after the war.

　　6. She was asked toreconsider her decision to leave the job.

　　7. After the disaster the government spent millions of dollars helping the local people to reconstruct their homes.

　　8. The museum has such a fine set of old paintings that it is worth revisiting.

　　VII.

　　1. dishonest 2. discouraged 3. displeased 4. discontinued

　　5. disappearing 6. discharged 7. disclosed 8. dislike

　　Sentence Structure

　　VIII.

　　1. I’ve made up my mind to marry him even if my mother objects.

　　2. She has problems finding a job even if she gets a Bachelor’s degree.

　　3. Even if you normally have good skin, some pats of the face may become dry during the winter.

　　4. The young man felt great sadness even if he did not find the words to express it.

　　5. Even if you don’t watch music programs, you’ve probably heard his songs.

　　IX.

　　1. The clearer a goal is , the easier it is to decide whether the goal is achievable.

　　2. The angrier I got, the less he said.

　　3. The larger the city is, the greater the increase in population is.

　　4. The longer they stick to their goal, the greater the chances of success are.

　　5. The more expensive the restaurant is, the better the food it serves.

　　Translation

　　X.

　　1. I am sure that I will make something of myself, even though I have not achieved any major success so far.

　　2. I have been working hard for so many years; I feel I am entitled to a good future.

　　3. When her husband deserted her, leaving her with nothing but scattered pieces of life to pick up, she went insane.

　　4. From my standpoint, Mother was too hard on me then, without taking my feelings into account.

　　5. When I reached the summit of my professional career, mother's words "Never be a quitter in face of life" were constantly in my mind.

　　6. You should know better than to play football in the street.

　　XI.

　　1. 詹姆士是个诚实的人，尽管***他这个人，我还是要这样说。

　　2. **越庞大，越难做出决定。

　　3. 是真英雄方能临危不惧。

　　4. 持有该票者能免费入场。

　　5. 在英国，他是第一个有意识的从事散文写作并且有所建树的人。

　　6. 失业半年后，她报名参加了烹饪班，希望能尽快找到工作。

　　Cloze

　　1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.D

　　Structured Writing

　　XIV.

　　Some people think that books are the main source of himan knowledge, summaries of what people have acquired in their struggle with nature and society. Moreover, with the rapid development of modern society, book knowledge is updated from time to time. For these people, books are everything.

　　However, book knowledge is not everything! Books can never cover all the things and happenings in the world. Book knowledge is only a recording of what has been discovered. There are many mysteries unsolved and we can find no answers from books up to now. So if one does not try to learn something beyond books, it will be difficult for one to cope with some practical problems.

　　We should develop our ability through practice and observing the world. It is not practical to rely on books only.

新视野大学英语第三版第一册Unit9课后习题答案（扩展6）

——新视野大学英语第1册Unit6课后答案第3版

新视野大学英语第1册Unit6课后答案第3版1

　　III.

　　1. boast 2. registered 3. employment 4. peculiar 5. Continuous 6. graduated 7. dump 8. retreat 9. contrary 10. trembled

　　IV.

　　1. in 2. of 3. behind 4. about 5. At 6. about/of 7.with 8. by 9. on/upon 10. at

　　V. 1. F 2. M 3. J 4. G 5.A 6. D 7. O 8. L 9. I 10. C

　　VI.

　　1. I know who he is. So does she.

　　2. We have come to realize all work is equally import. So has Sara.

　　3. I’d like another drink. So would John.

　　4. I’m not supposed to know who else objects to the plan. Nor/Neither are they.

　　5. He shouldn’t have imagined there would be joy in picking up trash. Nor/Neither should Steve.

　　VII.

　　1. Even if the calculation is right

　　2. even if they raise the price

　　3. Even if she may not return me the money

　　4. even if she doesn’t come

　　5. Even if we achieve great success in our work

　　VIII.

　　1. The police got to the station five minutes after the explosion, and so did the reporters.

　　2. Even if you disagree with her, she is worth listening to.

　　3. The news reporters were given nothing but bare facts by the officials in charge of the investigation.

　　4. The room was well decorated, but the color of the curtain did not go well with the overall style.

　　5. Whenever we go back to the place where my husband was born, we always make the rounds of his relatives.

　　6. Contrary to his hope, his girlfriend’s parents are not as approachable as his parents.

　　IX.

　　1. 我问过好几个服务员，可他们什么也没说，只朝着我笑，直到这时我才意识到我的英语不够好。

　　2. 校长对那位院长非常生气，进而**了他的院长职务。

　　3. 如果你当着孩子的`面问这个问题，即使他想说“是”也可能会说“不是”。

　　4. 如果你想毕业时获得学位，你要么别玩网上游戏，要么别去打零工。

　　5. 虽然他未接受过大学教育，他却瞧不起那些没有大学**的人。

　　6. 他曾就公司的管理问题提了好几个建议，但没有一个管用。

　　X.

　　1. A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5. A 6.C 7.A 8. C 9. B 10.A 11. B 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.C

　　16. B 17.A 18.C19.B 20.A

　　XII.

　　People come to Beijing for different purposes. Thousands upon thousands of foreign students are studying different subjects at universities in Beijing. Every year a large number of foreign businessmen from all pats of the world visit Beijing, for various kinds of business talks or international conferences. In addition travelers both at home and abroad come to Beijing for visiting places of historic interest during their holidays or visiting their friends and relatives in Beijing.

新视野大学英语第三版第一册Unit9课后习题答案（扩展7）

——新视野大学英语第三版Book 4 Unit 3 课文翻译

新视野大学英语第三版Book 4 Unit 3 课文翻译1

　　课文A

　　弗雷德·史密斯与联邦快递：一个改变了世界的创想

　　1. 每天夜晚，在田纳西廾1的孟菲斯机场，都有几百架带着白、紫、桔**案的飞机降落。而在每天此前的早些时候，这些飞机都在**各地收集包裹。工作人员从飞机上卸下的包裹及信件数量超过五十万之巨。长方形的包裹和信封又在这里依据收件地址被迅速整理分拣，然后装载上其他飞机，飞往各自的目的地，在那儿再由人工投递——到这时很多邮件离开寄件人之手还不到24小时。这是弗雷德里克·W.史密斯的终极梦想，他就是联邦快递集团(最初为联邦快递)这一全球最大、最成功的隔夜送达服务企业的创始人、总裁、首席执行官及董事会*。如今，史密斯这一源于大学时代的妙想已在现实中经营到了第28个年头，并已成为包裹接递入户行业的标杆。

　　2.史密斯被公认为是一位和蔼可亲、性格迷人的秘人的杰出企业家。无论是他的竞争者、员工，还是他公司股票的持有人，都对他十分敬重。弗雷德·史密斯创建“联邦快递”时只有27岁。现在多年过去了，他仍然坐在"掌门人”的位置上。他将公司的成功简单地归因于**力，而这一推论则来自于他的**生涯及其家庭的影响。

　　3.弗雷德里克·华莱士·史密斯1944年8月11日出生于密西西比州一个富裕的家族。他四岁时父亲就离世了。史密斯年少时被视为病残者，因为他得了一种病，使他无法正常行走。为此他常遭受坏孩子的侮辱捉弄，他学会了挥舞合金拐杖来保护自己。十岁时他的病治好了，到了高中他则成了学校里的体育明星，足球、篮球、棒球样样能行。

　　4.史密斯对飞行充满了激情。15岁时，他就曾驾驶一架作物喷粉飞机在密西西比三角洲的天际翱翔，三角洲的地形*坦开阔，至都不需要雷达导航。在耶鲁大学上学时，他参与重建了耶鲁飞行俱乐部，在**海军航空史的每个时期都有这一俱乐部出来的校友的身影，包括一战时期著名的“百万富翁飞行队”。史密斯负责管理俱乐部的事务，同时还在纽黑文经营一项小规模的租赁业务。

　　5. 由**行打乱了学习时间、他的学业受到了影响，但史密斯从未停止寻找自己的"伟大想法”。在撰写一门经济学课程的学期论文时，他认为自己已经找到了它。他设计了一份运输企业的经营草案，该运输企业可以确保连夜递送小型或时间紧迫的货品到达**的主要地区，如替换零件、医药用品等等。教授对这篇论文未予重视，他告诉史密斯说，他无法量化他的想法，并说这一想法明显不切合实际。

　　6. 然而，史密斯确信自己已经发现了些什么，尽管又过了好几年他才得以把自己的想法付诸实施，在此期间，他于1966年从耶鲁大学毕业，那时正值**在越战中越陷越深.而他是个充满爱国热情的人，又参加过士官训练课程，所以他加入了**海军陆战队。

　　7. 史密斯在**战场上服役两期，完成了两百多次飞行任务。“在**中，**力意味着能使团队中所有成员将个人的期望与抱负置于从属地位，而以实现集体目标为重，”史密斯说道，这其中融合了他**生涯和经营管理的经验。“而优秀的**力对**一个公司的盈亏底线来说具有相当重要的作用。”

　　8. 从**战场回国后，史密斯开始执着于这样一个理念， 即如果能将某个运输网络的各个节点通过一个中介枢纽相互连接，其效率较之其他各环节相互之间无联系的分散经营的模式来说要高出许多，不论这一系统所涉及的是运送包裹和信件还是人员和飞机。他决定放手二搏，创建自己的企业。史密斯用父亲公司的投资和他自己继承财产的一部分购买了第一架快递飞机，并于1971年创建了联邦快递。

　　9. 最初的日子伴随着极度的拮据乃至财务损失。联邦快递公司的司机自己掏腰包为货车付汽油费的情况屡见不鲜。但是，尽管面对这样的问题，史密斯仍然为公司雇员的福利着想。正如他所回忆的那样，即使在他们公司没有钱、办公室没有沙发和打字机的情况下，他们仍然开辟先例，保证员工享受很好的医疗和牙齿保健福利。

　　10. 一路走来，联邦快递率先践行了集中调控和“轴辐式”空中交通系统。自它以后，该系统被几乎所有大航空公司所采纳。而 “联邦快递一下” 也成为了像

　　"复印一下"或"谷歌一下"这样的固定说法，成为了我们的词汇。

　　11. 史密斯说生意上的成功归根结底就是三点首先你需要一项吸引人的产品或服务以及一套制胜的战略;其次你需要一套高效的管理系统在拥有这些之后，如何**好一个团队就是当今经营一家公司最为重要的事了。

　　12. 尽管史密斯回避**采访和公众生活的荣耀，但他却被称为是一位友善而*易近人的雇主。他重视自己的雇员，从不认为他们理所应当该为自己工作。有报道称，他会时不时在晚上造访联邦快递位于孟菲斯的基地，并且称名道姓地与包裹分拣人员打招呼。他会主动发邀请给任何一位已在公司服务十年的快递员，请他们到孟菲斯出席"周年庆典早餐” ，这已经持续了很多年。而这其中包含了弗雷德·史密斯自己的哲学：人员，服务，利润(P-S-P)。史密斯说，“P-S-P的哲学理念就好像一个不可分割的循环，没有清晰可辨的入口或出口，每一个环节都**着其他环节，同时也反过来受其他环节支撑。” 通过明确表达并亲身践行这一理念，弗雷德里克·史密斯已成为未来成功所必需的新**领域的开拓者。

　　课文B

　　霍华德·舒尔茨创造“星巴克”之梦

　　1. 霍华德·舒尔茨这个名字在北美并非家喻户晓，不过居住在城市或市郊社区的人都知道他的公司：特色啡零售商星巴克。区区I十年间，星巴克已凭借惊人的速度成长为北美最大的咖啡豆烤制商和特色咖啡零售商。截至2000年，它旗下的咖啡店已经遍布世界三千多个角落。就连**前总统比尔·*也被人拍到手捧星巴克咖啡。根据**杂志《**周刊》的报道，舒尔茨将“3C”概念——咖啡、商业和社区——融为一体，这已然使星巴克名列20世纪90年代最成功的零售商之列。

　　2. 舒尔茨出生于1953年，在纽约市布鲁克林区一个极其贫困的街区长大。他母亲是一位前台接待员，父亲则从事过很多不同的工作，但其中没有哪一份工作给他支付过体面的酬劳或购买过医疗保险。舒尔茨七岁时，他父亲在一次事故中扭断了脚踝，失去了他当时做送货司机的工作。在接下来的几个月中，他们家真的是穷到了揭不开锅的地步。

　　3. 青年时代的舒尔茨一直由于其家庭"穷困工人阶层” 地位所蒙受的耻辱而备**神折磨。有一年他逃离布鲁克林炎热的夏天去参加夏令营，但当他得知这个夏令营是专门为低收入家庭的学生开办的时候，就再也不愿意去参加了。中学时他遭受到了男孩子们的奚落，也羞于告诉女朋友自己住在哪里。这些早年痛苦的记忆一直伴随着他一生。

　　4. 体育运动成了他逃避穷困这一耻辱的方式。1975年，舒尔茨获得了北密歇根大学体育奖学金。他也是他家族中第一个从大学毕业的人，因为他的前辈中没有一一个人接受过比职业学校培训更高的教育。

　　5. 舒尔茨令人瞩目的咖啡生意的最初灵感源于1983年他对意大利米兰的造访。在米兰的咖啡馆里，舒尔茨设想了一种新型的**式生活方式。他寻求在**重现那种米兰式的交往*台，使人们能以那种方式开始新的一天或与朋友小聚。1987年，当舒尔茨34岁时，他**了投资团队并购买下了他原先工作的公司，即西雅图的"星巴克咖啡公司”，将其重组为“星巴克集团”。

　　6. 公众的反映出奇地好。舒尔茨创建的高端咖畔厅立即获得了成功，这刺激了星巴克乃至全球整个咖啡产业的迅速成长和发展。1992年，星巴克成为第一家公开上市的特色咖啡经营公司，确证了公司的发展规模和前景。

　　7. 星巴克迈出**西北部进行投资的第一站是在芝加哥。在那里，公司分管特色销售的部门开创了与百货商店联手以及在国家书店毗邻营业区的地方开设星巴克咖啡吧的经营新渠道。同时，星巴克还和百事可乐公司建立了伙伴关系，研发并销售一款即开即饮的新型咖啡饮品，他们与卡夫食品公司也签订了一份许可协议。作为一家寻求与多方进行合作而发展的企业，星巴克甚至与音乐产业合作，在咖啡吧里销售为星巴克量身定做的古典铜管乐及管弦乐激光唱片。

　　8. 星巴克在纽约开第二家分店对于舒尔茨来说是回归故里，但他并没有摆出一副咖啡行业王者的姿态。《*》评论说：“舒尔茨先生说话温和，几乎没有一丝纽约口音的痕迹，而且他举止腼腆，基至谦卑。”

　　9. 舒尔茨与众不同的员工**也引起了人们的广泛关注，他希望给星巴克的员工提供不仅是经营理念上的而且也是经济上的参与公司成败的机会。他规定，员工完成每周2o小时的工作定额或超过这一定额，就有资格享受医疗、牙齿及眼部保健方面的`福利，也能享受股票优先认购权。就在其他企业通过削减福利来节省成本之时，舒尔茨,虽然生长在一个没有任何福医疗利保障的家庭，却仍然坦言自己的信仰，即真诚地关心员工对建立一个坚实的员工队伍是至关重要的。“服务在**是一门缺失的艺术，”他对《*》如此说道，“我相信人们愿意把工作做好，但如果遭受的待遇很差，他们就会受到打击。我们希望给予员工尊严与自尊，而这一点光靠动动嘴皮子是做不到的。”星巴克规定，每一位工时超过半工制的员工都能享受医疗保障福利。舒尔茨相信这一福利**的切实施行是企业成长的关键，因为此举已使星巴克拥有了更加尽心尽力的工作团队以及至高水准的客户服务。这一连锁反应也使员工的流动率极低，几乎只有快餐行业*均流动率的一半。在经营数字上，这一**则给星巴克带来了显著回报，因为每招募和培训一位新员工及其生产率损失所产生的费用就高达三千美元。

　　10. 舒尔茨一直坚定地致力于员工及社区发展，这一理念已经根植于星巴克的核心企业文化当中。他从未因为习惯于成功而忘却自己劳动阶层的根基。他把自己的一本书献给了父亲以表纪念。他曾经对父亲说过尖刻的话，甚至曾指责他缺乏上进心，这些话让舒尔茨后悔终生，他期望能够将这些回忆从记忆中抹去。他的父亲被诊断出肺癌，在儿子成为百万富翁之前就离去了。舒尔茨曾经告诉他的听众，他最重要的成功在于 “我创立了一个我父亲从来都不曾有福气为之工作的那种企业。”