英文中什么是定语从句
英文中什么是定语从句1
在复合句中 , 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 , 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 , 引导定语从句的有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等 , 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。
定语从句公式:定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句
1.由who引导的定语从句中 , who用作主语 , 如 : This is the boy who often helps me.
2.由whom引导的定语从句中,whom用作宾语,如:The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.
3.由whose引导的定语从句中 , whose用作定语 , 如 : Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?
4.由which引导的定语从句中,which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语,如:
The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.
The river which is in front of my house is very clean.
This is the pen which you want.
注意 :
(1)whom, which用作介词宾语时 , 介词可放在 whom、which之前 , 也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。如: He is the very person whom we must take good care of.
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时,必须用关系代词which,不用that,如:I have lost
my bag, which I like very much.
(3)关系代词在句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。
5.由that引导的定语从句中,that可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语,如:
The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.
注意在下面几种情况下必须用 that引导定语从句。
(1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等 , 如 :
All that we have to do is to practise English.
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,如
The first letter that I got from him will be kept.
(3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰 , 如
I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时如
He is the only person that I want to talk with.
(5)先行词既有人又有物时,如:
They talked about persons and things that they met.
(6)当句中已有who时 , 为避免重复 , 如 : Who is the man that is giving us the class?
6.由when, where, why引导的定语从句,如:
I don't know the reason why he was late.
This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.
I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.
注意:先行词是表示地点时,如果从句的谓语动词是及物的,就用 that(which),如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的,就用where引导。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)
7. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分,主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, of which等,这些关系代词都不能省略。
(2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明 , 没有这种从句 , 不影响主句意思的完整 , 一般用逗号把主句和从句分开 , 关系代词用 which,不用that;指人时可用who,如 : I have two brothers, who are both students.
8.如何简化定语从句
(1).定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。如:
My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here.
→My grandfather lives in a village far away from here.我祖父住在离这儿很远的一个村子。
This is a book that is worth reading.
→This is a book worth reading. 这是一本值得看的书。
(2) 定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。
The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.
→The man standing under the tree is our English teacher.
站在树下面的那个人是我们的英语老师。
I saw the house that was burning at that time.→I saw the burning house at that time.
当时我看到那房子在燃烧。
(3)定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。
I like to see the films which are directed by Zhang Yimou.→I like to see the films directed by Zhang Yimou. 我喜欢看张艺谋导演的电影。
She is the girl who was praised at the school meeting.→She is the girl praised at the school meeting. 她就是在校会上受表彰的那个女孩。
(4)定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。
He is always the first person that comes to school.→He is always the first person to come to school.他总是第一个到校。
The report which will be given tomorrow is important to us.→The report to be given tomorrow is important to us. 明天要作的报告对我们很重要。
(5)定语从句简化为what 从句。
I couldn't remember the words that he said.→I couldn't remember what he said.
我记不得他说的话。
9.关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。3)which, that
它们所代替的.先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)
The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语)
10.关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例 如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. **是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从 句,在非正式文体中that常被省略(正式文体中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住过的地方。
英文中什么是定语从句扩展阅读
英文中什么是定语从句(扩展1)
——什么叫做定语从句3篇
什么叫做定语从句1
要学定语从句,得知道什么是定语。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。例如,a good book, good就是定语。那么复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,相当于形容词,在句中作定语。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等,绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why,how等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的某个成分。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1、由who, whom, that,Whose引导的从句
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who作主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物,只用作定语。
(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师
(4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。
2、由which, that引导的从句
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如:
(1) Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)
(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)
注意: **物时多用which,但在下列情况中用that而不用which:
a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时;
b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略;
c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时;
d)先行词中既有人又有物时;
e)整个句中前面已有which,who,that时;
f)当先行词为物并作表语时;
g)先行词为one时;
h)先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时;
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1、when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
2、where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语 Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3、why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语 ,用在reason 后面。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
常见考法
对于定语从句的考查,多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,常从关系词的意义和功能的角度考查,重点是that,which,who引导的定语从句。
典型例题:
You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who B. whom C. whom D. who
解析:先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.
答案:D
误区提醒
当表示时间或地点的名词作先行词时,要判断出它们在从句中作状语还是主语或宾语。作状语时用关系副词,反之用关系代词。
典型例题:
I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
解析:两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.
答案:A
什么叫做定语从句2
that常用作关系代词,可指代某人,也可指代某物,指物时有的时候可用which替换that,指人时可用who替换。但在下列情况下,一般用that。
一、that指代某物事时
1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时。如:
(1)We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered plants and animals.
我们将尽我们的最大努力来保护那些濒危的动植物。
(2) There is much that I wan to tell you.
我有很多想要告诉你的话。
(3) Is there anything that I can do for you?
有什么我可以帮你的吗?
2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定词修饰时。如:
(4) You can borrow any book that you want to read in our school library.
在我们图书馆,你可以借任何你想读的书。
3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如:
(5)This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen.
这是我见过的最漂亮的城市。
4. 先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修饰时。如:
(6)This is the very factory that they visited last summer holiday.
这恰好是他们去年参观的那个工厂。
(7)This is the only painting in this style that we have.
这种风格的画我们仅有一幅。
5. 先行词是并列结构,既有人又有物时。如:
(8)He talked happily of the writer and his books that interested him.
6. 先行词前有the same 修饰,表示和先行词是同一物时。如:
(9)This is the same purse that I lost yesterday.
这就是我昨天丢的那个钱夹。
注:如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物,则用the same…as….如:
(10)This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.
这个钱夹和我昨天丢的那个一样。
7. 先行词为数词时。
(11)Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two that you bought me for my birthday.
瞧书架上那些书。你可以看到我过生日时你买的那两本。
8. 如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句,为避免重复,第二个定语从句用that。如:
(12)They built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.
他们建了一工厂,生产以前从未见过的东西。
9. 以which作主语开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复,定语从句用that。如。
(13)Which is the bus that you will take?
你要乘的是哪一班车?
10. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,而且通常省略。如:
(14)My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.
我的家乡再也不是以前那个样子了。
11. 关系代词在there be 句型中作主语时,而且常可以省略。如:
(15)This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.
这是有史以来最快的列车。
二、that 指代某人时。
1. 泛指某人时。如:
(16)He is a man that is never at a loss.
他是一个从未一筹莫展的人。
2. 主句是以作主语的who开头的.特殊问句,为了避免重复时。如:
(17)Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster?
和我们校长说话的那人是谁?
3. 先行词前有the same时。如:
(18)This is the same man that gave us a talk last year.
这和去年给我们作报告的是同一人。
4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如:
(19)He has changed. He was not the man (that) he was 10 years ago.
他变了。他再也不是10年前的他了。
另外,that也可用作关系副词,表示时间、地点、原因和方式,在口语中可以用来代替when, where, why 引导的定语从句。在以下名词day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行词时,可用that作关系副词引导定语从句。如:
(20)I'll never forget the day (that) I joined the League.
我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。
(21)Is this the reason (that) they were late for the meeting?
这就是他们开会迟到的原因吗?
(22)We want to find a place (that) we can have a picnic.
我们想找一个我们能野餐的地方。
(23)This is the first time that I have been abroad for traveling.
这是我第一次到**去旅游。
(注:先行词是time,前面有序数词或last修饰时,常用that引导定语从句或者省略。)
当先行词为表示方式的词the way时,可用that引导定语从句, that常可以省略。
(24)I don't the way you speak to her.
我不喜欢你和她说话那种方式。
什么叫做定语从句3
一、指人的意思
that用于指人,在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如:
A driver that has knocked someone down must stop. 撞人的司机必须停车。(关系代词that指driver,在从句中作主语)
He is the man that you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。(关系代词that指man,在从句中作宾语)
He is not that man that he was. 他已不是过去的他了。(关系代词that指man,在从句中作表语)
二、指物的意思
that用于指物,在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如:
This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon. 这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。(关系代词that指plane,在定语从句中作主语)
She was annoyed by something that I had said. 她为我说的某句话而不高兴。(关系代词that指something,在定语从句中作宾语)
Shengzhen is not the city that it used to be. 深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。(关系代词that指city,在定语从句中作表语)
三、不用that的情况
(1) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.
(2) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
四、 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(1) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。
(2) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
(3) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时,只用that。
(4) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。.
(5) 先行词既有人,又有物时。
(6) 先行词指物,在主句中作表语时.
(7) 为了避免重复.
(8) 先行词是the way或the reason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略
(9) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时
英文中什么是定语从句(扩展2)
——什么是定语从句举例3篇
什么是定语从句举例1
什么是定语从句
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who,whom,that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperitywhich / thathad never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)
The packagewhich / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的'包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例 如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.**是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从 句,在非正式文体中that常被省略(正式文体中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住过的地方。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要 求用关系代词。例如:
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系 副词.先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,应选择关系代词;先行词在从句中作状语时,应选 择关系副词。
例如:(对)Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
(对)Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
定语从句举例
(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
(2)He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见到的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 刚刚和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。(whom在从句中作宾语)
注:who在定语从句中指人,作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略;做及物动词或介词的宾语,可省略。
2,which,that 用来指物(有六种情况只可用that而不用which)
(用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略),例如:
(1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在从句中作主语)
(2)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to comeunwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)
英文中什么是定语从句(扩展3)
——定语从句先行词是those3篇
定语从句先行词是those1
定语从句先行词是those
That(指物)和those(指人或物)可做定语从句的先行词,this和these不可做先行词,those做定语从句先行词时,当其指物关系词用that/which等,当其指人时,关系词用who等,具体示例如下:
He admired those who looked beautiful.他很喜欢那些看上去很美的人.(指人)
He admired those which looked beautiful.他很喜欢那些看上去很美的东西.(指物)
(错)He admired that who danced well.(that不能指人)
(对)He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人.(those可指人)
如何选择定语从句的引导词
一看指人还是物,二看介词在何处;
三看句中作何用,四看是否属特殊。
现将四句口诀分述如下:
“一看指人还是物”:指人时用who,whom;whose和that既可指人又可指物;which只能指物。that和which在句中作主语或宾语;在非正式文体中,作宾语的whom,which或that可省略。
【高考链接】
The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____ are built close to each other.
A. they B. where C. what D. that
答案:D。
解析:分析句子结构可知,空格处及后面部分为定语从句,先行词small houses为物,故用that引导定语从句,that在定语从句中作主语。
“二看介词在何处”:介词置于从句之首还是置于从句的其他地方,引导词的使用有区别。当介词置于从句之首时,若指人,介词之后只能用whom而不能用who和that;若指物,则只能用which而不能用that。
【经典例析】
试比较以下两句:
1. Do you know the woman with whom I shook hands at the school gate?
2. Do you know the woman whom I shook hands with at the school gate?
第一句中介词with置于定语从句之首,其后的whom不可以替换成who或that,也不能省略;第二句中的引导词whom作介词with的宾语,可替换为who或that,也可省略。
“三看句中作何用”:如何选用定语从句中的引导词,关键是要看引导词在从句中充当什么成分。若作主语,则在who,that或which之中选择;若作定语,则用whose;若作状语,则在when,where,why之中挑选。
【高考链接】
The prize will go to the writer _____ story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which
C. whose D. what
答案:C。
解析:whose引导定语从句,且在从句中作定语,修饰story;whose story相当于the story of whom。
“四看是否属特殊”:定语从句中引导词的使用还要注意一些特殊情况,如who与that均可指人,which和that均可指物,但这些引导词在具体的语言环境中有区别,不能换用。
【经典例析】
1. This is the first time that I’ve been to the museum, which I have been looking forward to for many years.
当先行词被序数词修饰时,引导词只能用that而不用which。
2. Those who are studying in our school can borrow five books at a time.
为避免重复,先行词为指人的that或those时,引导词用who而不用that。
3. Such magazines as you bought last time are well worth reading.
such ... as,the same ... as属于固定搭配。
最后,我们再用一则歌谣帮助大家巩固关系词在定语从句中的一般用法。
关系词,引定从,它们的用法各不同。
that可作主、宾用,指人指物它都行;
which 通常指物用,主语、宾语它也能;
who和whom指人用,分作主、宾要弄清;
whose一词它真行,修饰人、物都管用;
时间状语应用when,地点状语where行,
要问原因为什么,关系副词why最清;
as一词属特殊,常与such,the same连用,
修饰全句或部分,常常用作主或宾。
英文中什么是定语从句(扩展4)
——where的定语从句3篇
where的定语从句1
where先行词表示时间、地点、原因,但关系词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时,应用关系代词that或which.如:
Ill never forget 1976 that / which was full of sadness.
(作主语)
我不会忘记充满悲哀的1976年。
I regret the days (that/which) I wasted in the woods.
(作宾语)
我后悔在森林里虚度的日子。
This is the factory that/which produces cars. (作主语)
这就是那个生产小汽车的工厂。
This is the factory (that/which) he visited yesterday.
(作宾语)
这就是他昨天参观的工厂。
This is the reason that/which is unreasonable. (作主语)
这是一个没道理的理由。
This is the reason (that/which) he raised. (作宾语)
这是他提出的理由。
2. 关系副词有时相当于 适当的介词+关系代词。如:
① where=in/on which
This is the room where / in which he lives.
巩固练习:
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting
for the great chance.(湖南2004)
A. how B. which C. where D. that
2. We are living in an age _______ many things are done
on com*r.(**2003春)
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
3. The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was
taken good care of in that far-away village.(NMET 2001)
A. until B. that C. when D. where
4. Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his careless-
ness in his work? (上海2002春)
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
5. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the
small town ______ he grewup as a child. (NMET 1996)
A. which B. that C. where D. when
Key: 1-5 CDCAC
where的定语从句2
Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点
1. We will discuss a number of cases __ beginners of English fail to use the language preperly.
A.which B.as C.why D.where
2.He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation ___he is likely to lose the control over his car.
A.which B.as C.why D.where
两道题都选where ,但是case, situation都不是地点,如何理解?
在“先行词不是表示地点的名词”的前提下,如何判断是否使用关系副词where来引导定语从句的问题是一个高频考点。就是说,关系副词where所指代的先行词不只是表示地点的名词。
用Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点按照通常的理解,当where引导定语从句时,它的先行词就是表示地点的名词,但事实并不是我们想象的那么简单。很多情况下,where所指代的先行词并不表示地点。
请看以下几个例句:
1. Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other.
请记住,最深的感情关系表现为彼此间的'爱超过彼此间的需要。
点评:这里where引导的定语从句修饰先行词one,也就是relationship (此处one指代的是relationship)。Relationship不是地点名词,但此处却用了where来引导,where在这里表示“在这样的感情关系下”。从定语从句的结构来看,定语从句不缺主语和宾语,引导词where在从句中充当的是状语。
2. Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low. 欺诈行为在这种情况下最有可能发生:利益重大,而且欺诈行为被发现的可能性小。
点评:句中的先行词是situations,表示“情形,情况”,引导词依然用的是where,表示“在这种情况之下”。这里的定语从句也是不缺主语或宾语的,where在从句中充当的是状语。
3. Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people
will have to accept more “unnatural food”.除非人类能够意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度——使地球能为所有人提供足够的食物,否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。
点评:这里的先行词是point,表示“某种程度,某种状况”,引导词where指代point,表示“在这种程度下”。这里定语从句也是不缺主语和宾语的,where在从句中充当的仍然是状语。
从上面三个例句中,我们可以发现以下两点:第一,即使先行词不是表示地点的词,定语从句也能够使用关系副词where来引导;第二,上面三个例句中,where分别指代relationship、situation和point,分别表示“在……关系中”“在……情况下”“达到……程度”,这些词虽然不是表示地点的名词,但在从句中表达的是“某个点或状态”的含义。我们可以把这类名词解释成“含有抽象地点意义的名词”,此类词也能用关系副词where来进行引导。
先行词不表示地点时,如何判断是否使用Where引导定语从句当先行词不是表示地点的名词时,该如何判断是否使用where引导定语从句呢?由上文给出的例句可知,含有抽象地点意义的名词能用关系副词where来引导,并且在每个例句的点评中都反复强调“定语从句不缺主语和宾语,where在从句中充当的是状语”。
由此,我们可以大胆地进行引申和归纳,提出“当先行词不表示地点时,使用where引导定语从句”的判断方法。首先,判断定语从句的结构:定语从句应该不缺少主语和宾语,而是缺少状语。其次,观察先行词:先行词是除了时间名词(在这种情况下会用when)和原因名词(在这种情况下会用why)以外的其他任何名词。第二个条件之所以成立,是因为定语从句中的状语成分一般就是由when、where和why等三个引导词来引导的。
为了更深刻地理解这种判断方法,请看以下几个例句:
4. English is a fixed-word-order language where each phrase has a fixed position. 英语是一种“词序固定”的语言,这种语言的特点就是每个短语都有固定的位置。
点评:首先,我们来判断定语从句“each phrase has a fixed position”的结构:该从句并不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是fixed-word-order language, 它既不表示时间,也不表示原因。由此可知,此处用where来指代先行词,表示“在词序固定这样的语言中”。
5. At the Academy, Plato taught the students through the use of debates, where two or more people took different ideas of an argument. 在学院里,柏拉图采用的教学方法是**辩论,在辩论中,两个或多个学生各持一方观点。
点评:首先,我们来判断定语从句“two or morepeople took different ideas of an argument”的句子结构:该从句不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是debates,它既不是时间名词,也不是原因名词。由此可知,此处应用where引导定语从句,表示“在辩论中”。
6. However, being enthusiastic isn't for everyone and no one likes false enthusiasm, where a person pretends to be excited even about small points.然而,热情并非适合每一个人,而且也没有人喜欢那种连区区小事都假装兴奋的假热情。
点评:首先,我们判断定语从句“a person pretends to be excited even about small points”的句子结构:该从句不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是false enthusiasm,它既不是时间名词,也不是原因名词。因而,此处用where来引导定语从句,表示“在虚假的热情这种状态下”。
通过对上面三个例句的点评,相信读者已经能够掌握在先行词不表示地点的情况下,如何判断是否使用where来引导定语从句了。此外,我们需要仔细体会例句中where指代先行词时所表达的含义,分别是“在……样的语言中”“在……中”“在……样的状态下”,这些含义与第一节所举的例子类似,都带有抽象的地点意义。因而,我们在日后的学习和考试中应当谨记:
用where引导的定语从句,先行词不一定是表示地点的名词,因为先行词也可能是含有抽象地点意义的名词。由此,我们总结如下:
先行词是表示“地点”或任何含有“抽象地点意义”的名词用where引导定语从句。
where的定语从句3
where先行词表示时间、地点、原因,但关系词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时,应用关系代词that或which.如:
Ill never forget 1976 that / which was full of sadness.
(作主语)
我不会忘记充满悲哀的1976年。
I regret the days (that/which) I wasted in the woods.
(作宾语)
我后悔在森林里虚度的日子。
This is the factory that/which produces cars. (作主语)
这就是那个生产小汽车的工厂。
This is the factory (that/which) he visited yesterday.
(作宾语)
这就是他昨天参观的工厂。
This is the reason that/which is unreasonable. (作主语)
这是一个没道理的理由。
This is the reason (that/which) he raised. (作宾语)
这是他提出的理由。
2. 关系副词有时相当于 适当的介词+关系代词。如:
① where=in/on which
This is the room where / in which he lives.
巩固练习:
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting
for the great chance.(湖南2004)
A. how B. which C. where D. that
2. We are living in an age _______ many things are done
on com*r.(**2003春)
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
3. The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was
taken good care of in that far-away village.(NMET 2001)
A. until B. that C. when D. where
4. Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his careless-
ness in his work? (上海2002春)
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
5. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the
small town ______ he grewup as a child. (NMET 1996)
A. which B. that C. where D. when
Key: 1-5 CDCAC
英文中什么是定语从句(扩展5)
——whose定语从句用法3篇
whose定语从句用法1
1、whose用作关系代词时,它并不表示“谁的”,而是表示“……的……”,在具体语境需要灵活处理。如:
He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的人。
The boys whose names were called stood up. 叫到名字的男孩们站了起来。
You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 你是惟一可能使他听从劝告的人。
2、不要以为whose引导定语从句时,其先行词一定是指人的.名词,其实也可以是指事物(包括动物)的名词。如:
It was an island whose name I have forgotten. 这是一座岛,名字我忘了。
Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon cooperation. 狼是高度群体化的动物,它们的成功依赖于合作。
3、whose 不仅可以引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句。如:
My bitch, whose temper is very uncertain, often bites the judges at dog shows. 我的母狗脾气不稳定,常常在狗展上咬裁判。
One of the Britons, whose identity has not been revealed, was taken to hospital. 其中一位英国人被送往医院。他的身份还没有透露。
Now was not the time to start thinking of mother, whose death had so distressed me. 现在还不是开始想念母亲的时候。她的逝世曾令我极度痛苦。
4、引导定语从句的“whose+名词”,有时可换成其他结构,注意词序的变化。比较:
破了窗户的那座房子是空的。
正:The house whose windows are broken is empty.
正:The house the windows of which are broken is empty.
正:The house of which the windows are broken is empty.
正:The house with broken windows is empty.
5、根据语境的需要,whose 前可以使用语义需要的介词。如:
I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far. 我要感谢史密斯教授,没有他的帮助,我不会走到今天这一步。
Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from whose effects the people are still suffering. 上个月东南亚的部分地区受到洪水侵袭,现在人们仍在遭受洪水带来的影响。
1、备考主语从句应注意以下三点
一是从句作主语,主句谓语动词用第三人称单数;
二是主语从句通常用it作形式主语,尤其是在It is +名词 / 形容词 / 过去分词+that…中,或在It seems / happens that…中,或疑问句中;
三要注意由what, whatever, whoever引导的主语从句一般不用形式主语。
2、备考宾语从句应注意以下四点
一是介词后(except等除外)一般不跟that引导的宾语从句,但可接疑问词引导的宾语从句;
二是在that引导的宾语从句后若还有补语时,要用it作形式宾语,而将that从句置于补语之后;
三是当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等时,若宾语从句要表示否定意义,往往要通过否主句来实现,即所谓否定转移;
四是虽然引导宾语从句的that有时可以省略,但若宾语从句前有插入语或有间接宾语时,that不能省略;that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后或者在“形式宾语it+宾补”之后时也不能省略;that从句单独回答问题时,that也不能省略。
3、备考表语从句应注意以下三点
一是除that, whether和疑问词外,as, as if, as though, because也可引导表语从句;
二要注意“that’s why+结果”以及“that’s because+原因”的区别;
三是注意the reason (why / for…) is that…句式。
英文中什么是定语从句(扩展6)
——定语从句和表语从句区别3篇
定语从句和表语从句区别1
定语从句
一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。[1]被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它通常只能放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。
定语 从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
定义
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom,that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperitywhich / thathad never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)
The packagewhich / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的.包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例 如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.**是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从 句,在非正式文体中that常被省略(正式文体中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住过的地方。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要 求用关系代词。例如:
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系 副词.先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,应选择关系代词;先行词在从句中作状语时,应选 择关系副词。
例如:(对)Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
(对)Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
从句结构
定语从句公式
定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句
先行词
指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或句子。
一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。
关系词
关系词常有3个作用:
①连接作用,连接主句和定语从句。
②指代先行词。
③在定语从句中担当成分。
注:关系代词有主语、宾语、定语之分。一般who做主语或其宾格形式的whom做宾语(whom作宾语时可省略),whose作为定语(whose不可省略)。关系代词在从句中作主语,宾语,定语等,关系副词在从句中作地点状语(where),时间状语(when),原因状语(why)。[1]
定语
定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词表示的)汉语中常用“……的”表示。主要由形容词担任,此外,名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语、从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。如“the girl”,“the book”
如:She is the girl who likes singing. 她就是那个喜欢唱歌的女孩。
这就是一个定语从句。
表语从句
表语从句(Predicative Clause)就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当表语。
表语成分
表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于系动词(be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。
一、名词作表语
Africa is a big continent.
非洲是个大洲。
That remains a puzzle to me.
这对我还是个难题。
二、代词作表语
What’s your fax number?
你的传真号是多少?
Who's your best friend?
你最好的朋友是谁?
三、形容词作表语
I feel much better today.
我今天感觉好多了。
He is old but he is healthy。
他很老,但他很健康。
四、数词作表语
She was the first to learn about it.
她是第一个知道的人。
五、不定式作表语
Her job is selling com*rs.
她的工作是销售电脑。
Our next step was to get raw materials ready.
我们下一步是把原料准备好。
作表语的不定式短语通常是说明主语的内容,这时主语通常是如下名词:
hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business
定语从句和表语从句区别2
定语从句
一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。[1]被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它通常只能放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。
定语 从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
定义
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom,that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperitywhich / thathad never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)
The packagewhich / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的.包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例 如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.**是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从 句,在非正式文体中that常被省略(正式文体中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住过的地方。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要 求用关系代词。例如:
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系 副词.先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,应选择关系代词;先行词在从句中作状语时,应选 择关系副词。
例如:(对)Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
(对)Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
从句结构
定语从句公式
定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句
先行词
指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或句子。
一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。
关系词
关系词常有3个作用:
①连接作用,连接主句和定语从句。
②指代先行词。
③在定语从句中担当成分。
注:关系代词有主语、宾语、定语之分。一般who做主语或其宾格形式的whom做宾语(whom作宾语时可省略),whose作为定语(whose不可省略)。关系代词在从句中作主语,宾语,定语等,关系副词在从句中作地点状语(where),时间状语(when),原因状语(why)。[1]
定语
定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词表示的)汉语中常用“……的”表示。主要由形容词担任,此外,名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语、从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。如“the girl”,“the book”
如:She is the girl who likes singing. 她就是那个喜欢唱歌的女孩。
这就是一个定语从句。
表语从句
表语从句(Predicative Clause)就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当表语。
表语成分
表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于系动词(be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。
一、名词作表语
Africa is a big continent.
非洲是个大洲。
That remains a puzzle to me.
这对我还是个难题。
二、代词作表语
What’s your fax number?
你的传真号是多少?
Who's your best friend?
你最好的朋友是谁?
三、形容词作表语
I feel much better today.
我今天感觉好多了。
He is old but he is healthy。
他很老,但他很健康。
四、数词作表语
She was the first to learn about it.
她是第一个知道的人。
五、不定式作表语
Her job is selling com*rs.
她的工作是销售电脑。
Our next step was to get raw materials ready.
我们下一步是把原料准备好。
作表语的不定式短语通常是说明主语的内容,这时主语通常是如下名词:
hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business
定语从句和表语从句区别3
定语从句
一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。[1]被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它通常只能放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。
定语 从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
定义
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom,that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperitywhich / thathad never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)
The packagewhich / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例 如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.**是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的'定语从 句,在非正式文体中that常被省略(正式文体中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住过的地方。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要 求用关系代词。例如:
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系 副词.先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,应选择关系代词;先行词在从句中作状语时,应选 择关系副词。
例如:(对)Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
(对)Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
从句结构
定语从句公式
定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句
先行词
指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或句子。
一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。
关系词
关系词常有3个作用:
①连接作用,连接主句和定语从句。
②指代先行词。
③在定语从句中担当成分。
注:关系代词有主语、宾语、定语之分。一般who做主语或其宾格形式的whom做宾语(whom作宾语时可省略),whose作为定语(whose不可省略)。关系代词在从句中作主语,宾语,定语等,关系副词在从句中作地点状语(where),时间状语(when),原因状语(why)。[1]
定语
定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词表示的)汉语中常用“……的”表示。主要由形容词担任,此外,名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语、从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。如“the girl”,“the book”
如:She is the girl who likes singing. 她就是那个喜欢唱歌的女孩。
这就是一个定语从句。
表语从句
表语从句(Predicative Clause)就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当表语。
表语成分
表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于系动词(be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。
一、名词作表语
Africa is a big continent.
非洲是个大洲。
That remains a puzzle to me.
这对我还是个难题。
二、代词作表语
What’s your fax number?
你的传真号是多少?
Who's your best friend?
你最好的朋友是谁?
三、形容词作表语
I feel much better today.
我今天感觉好多了。
He is old but he is healthy。
他很老,但他很健康。
四、数词作表语
She was the first to learn about it.
她是第一个知道的人。
五、不定式作表语
Her job is selling com*rs.
她的工作是销售电脑。
Our next step was to get raw materials ready.
我们下一步是把原料准备好。
作表语的不定式短语通常是说明主语的内容,这时主语通常是如下名词:
hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business
英文中什么是定语从句(扩展7)
——定语从句的概念及用法是什么3篇
定语从句的概念及用法是什么1
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。
定语从句的概念及用法是什么2
在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的.有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。
1.由who引导的定语从句中,who用作主语,如:This is the boy who often helps me.
2.由whom引导的定语从句中,whom用作宾语,如:The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.
3.由whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语,如:Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?
4.由which引导的定语从句中,which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语,如:
The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.
The river which is in front of my house is very clean.
This is the pen which you want.
注意:
(1)whom,which用作介词宾语时,介词可放在whom、which之前,也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。如:He is the very person whom we must take good care of.
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时,必须用关系代词which,不用that,如:I have lost
my bag,which I like very much.
(3)关系代词在句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。
5.由that引导的定语从句中,that可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语,如:
The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.?
注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。
(1)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等,如:
All that we have to do is to practise English.
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,如
The first letter that I got from him will be kept.
(3)先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰,如
I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.
(4)先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时如
He is the only person that I want to talk with.
(5)先行词既有人又有物时,如:
They talked about persons and things that they met.
(6)当句中已有who时,为避免重复,如:Who is the man that is giving us the
class?
6.由when,where,why引导的定语从句,如:
I don't know the reason why he was late.
This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.
I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.
注意:先行词是表示地点时,如果从句的谓语动词是及物的,就用that(which),如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的,就用where引导。This is the house Which/that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)
7.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分,主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,of which等,这些关系代词都不能省略。
(2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明,没有这种从句,不影响主句意思的完整,一般用逗号把主句和从句分开,关系代词用which,不用that;指人时可用who,如:I have two brothers,who are both students.
8.如何简化定语从句
(1).定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。如:
My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here.
→My grandfather lives in a village far away from here.我祖父住在离这儿很远的一个村子。
This is a book that is worth reading.
→This is a book worth reading.这是一本值得看的书。
(2)定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。
The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.
→The man standing under the tree is our English teacher.
站在树下面的那个人是我们的英语老师。
I saw the house that was burning at that time.→I saw the burning house at that time.
当时我看到那房子在燃烧。
(3)定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。
I like to see the films which are directed by Zhang Yimou.→I like to see the films directed by Zhang Yimou.我喜欢看张艺谋导演的电影。
She is the girl who was praised at the school meeting.→She is the girl praised at the school meeting.她就是在校会上受表彰的那个女孩。
(4)定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。
He is always the first person that comes to school.→He is always the first person to come to school.他总是第一个到校。
The report which will be given tomorrow is important to us.→The report to be given tomorrow is important to us.明天要作的报告对我们很重要。
(5)定语从句简化为what从句。
I couldn't remember the words that he said.→I couldn't remember what he said.
我记不得他说的话。
英文中什么是定语从句(扩展8)
——定语从句用法口诀3篇
定语从句用法口诀1
定语从句真奇妙,
关系代(副)词来引导,
定语从句分两种,
是否限定看逗号。
定语从句用法口诀2
从句当中作宾语,
whom可以代替who,
为了句子更简练,
关系代词可省去。
定语从句用法口诀3
关系若是表所属,
whose用法不可无。
除此之外还有啥,
whom, which加of。
英文中什么是定语从句(扩展9)
——英语中什么叫定语从句 (菁选3篇)
英语中什么叫定语从句1
概念
被修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它需要放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后.定语从句一般由关系代词来引导.关系代词必须放在定语从句之首.定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出.
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书.
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的'繁荣.(which / that在句中作主语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语.
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. **是我的出生地.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / on which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了.
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方.
英语中什么叫定语从句2
概念
被修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它需要放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后.定语从句一般由关系代词来引导.关系代词必须放在定语从句之首.定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出.
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书.
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣.(which / that在句中作主语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语.
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. **是我的出生地.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / on which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了.
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方.
英语中什么叫定语从句3
定语从句:一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句.在主句中充当定语成分.被修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它通常只能放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后.
【关系词的特定选择】
1、只用that不用which
1)当先行词是序数词或被序数词、最高级,关系词用that.
2)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that.
3)当先行词带有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等词时,用that.
4)当主句中有who或which时,为避免重复用that.
5)当先行词为something,anything,nothing,none,no,little,much,all等不定代词时用that.
2、只用who不用that
1)如果先行词是those,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one时用who
2)当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语从句或在被分割的定语从句中时.
3、只用which不用that
1)当主句先行词后有介词时,用which.例:This is the one of which I'm speaking.
2)非限定性定语从句,用which.
3) 描述句中一般用which.例:Beijing,which was China's capital for more than 800years.
4)those +复数名词之后,多用which .例:Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best.
5)先行词本身是that时,用which.
英文中什么是定语从句(扩展10)
——用定语从句写我的朋友
用定语从句写我的朋友1
Xiao Yan is one of my friends who is taller than me.The reason why I wants to making friends with her is that her study is well.She likes eatting fruits which can make her looks nicer.
Last time when I meet her,she tooke me to a cafe where locaed in a big garden and the coffe there is made very well.
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