孤独的奋斗者—论司汤达《红与黑》中的于连

摘 要

《红与黑》可谓是司汤达最杰出的作品，小说中的于连为了名利，为了挤入上流社会，以至要掩饰自己原来的面目带上虚伪的面具来适应社会，口是心非，言不由衷，把自己真实的感情深藏起来。而我的.看法是，于连的1切都是建立在人的本性之上。他崇拜拿破仑，却在人前诋毁拿破仑；不信神，却装出1副虔敬天主的样子。他不是生来就这样的，是由于他的阶级地位造成了他性格的多重性。他性格中既有反抗又有妥协，既有自卑也有自尊，以及雄心与野心，虚伪与正直的复杂结合，而形成这些复杂矛盾的主要原因是和于连在当时的社会环境下所处社会地位是分不开的。于连聪明能干，敏感高傲，有着强烈的权势和财富欲望，既自尊自强由平民意识，对上层社会仇视反抗，又虚伪妥协，委曲求全，不择手段地往上流社会里面挤。这些激发了他不择手段向上爬的奋斗精神。在这个奋斗的过程中，他使用的所有手段和虚伪行为都是他对理想的追求过程中不得不采取的方法，是他追求个人幸福的人性本能愿望的外露。是他对人生的更高目标的追求，也是他对社会的反抗。

关键词：司汤达；于连；奋斗；孤独

ABSTRACT

Red And Black it may be said is Si Tangda the most outstanding work, in the novel in the company for the fame and fortune, in order to push in the upper circles of society, down to must conceal the oneself original appearance to take to bring with the false mask to adapt the society, hypocritical, speaks insincerely, deeply hides the oneself real sentiment.But in my opinion, Julien all are the establishment above humans natural disposition. He worships Napoleon, slanders Napoleon actually in front of the human; does not believe in the god, ships out a reverent God appearance actually. He is not since birth such, because his social class status has created his disposition multiplicity. In his disposition both has the revolt and to have the compromise, also has feels inferior also has the self-respect, as well as great ambition and ambition, false and honest complex union, but formed these complex contradictory main reasons is and Julien locates the social position under then social environment is cannot separate. In intelligent competent, sensitive is continually arrogant, has the intense power and influence and the wealth desire, both self-respect striving to improve realizes by the common people, is hostile toward the revolt to the upper classes of society, and falsely compromises, compromises for the general interest, pushes resourcefully toward the upper circles of society inside. These stimulated the struggle spirit which he resorts to all means upwardly to crawl. In this struggle process, all methods and the false behavior which he uses all is he the method which can not but adopt to the ideal pursue process in, his pursues inpidual happy human nature instinct desire appearing externally. To the life higher goal pursue, also to societys revolt.

Key words: Stendhal; Julien; Strive; Lonely