定语从句连接词which

第1篇:定语从句连接词which

学英语,一大痛点在定语从句,which就是痛中之痛之一。下面是小编整理的定语从句连接词which,欢迎大家阅读参考,希望帮助到你。

定语从句连接词which用法

which是定语从句的关系代词之一。gmat语法考试限定,which有且仅有两种用法。

一,which前面有逗号,逗号前面是个名词,which就近指代那个名词。

(1)tankfieldemailedpeasomephotos,whichdidnotcheerpeaup.

which就近指代photos,定语从句中谓语动词didnotcheer(peaup)的发出者即从句主语即先行词photos,是photos没让豌豆家属高兴起来。

(2)tankfieldemailedpeasomephotos,whichpeadidnotfindinteresting.

which就近指代photos,photos是定语从句中的宾语,把定语从句还原成一个完整句就是peadidnotfindthephotosinteresting.

可以看到,上面两个句子都可以以that为关系代词改写,即

(1)’tankfieldemailedpeasomephotosthatdidnotcheerpeaup.

(2)’tankfieldemailedpeasomephotosthatpeadidnotfindinteresting.

改写与原版区别在哪儿?就在一个逗号。which前面是名词,名词和which之间没逗号的,在gmat语法里算错。

二,which前面是介词,介词前面是名词,which就近指代介词前的那个名词,名词和介词之间有无逗号均可。

tankfieldoncelentpeaabookfromwhichpeaglimpsedthebasicsofgenes.

这个句子可以“拆”成如下两句:(每个定语从句都可以拆成两句,以先行词为拆分点)

tankfieldoncelentpeaabook.peaglimpsedthebasicsofgenesfromthebook.

先行词实际上是定语从句中介词的宾语,这时,需要把介词提前,避免如下表达:

tankfieldoncelentpeaabook,whichpeaglimpsedthebasicsofgenesfrom.(xxx)

tankfieldoncelentpeaabookthatpeaglimpsedthebasicsofgenesfrom.(xxx)

拓展:定语从句中的that和which用法区别

that和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语,做宾语时可以省略。在定语从句中,有种说法叫"关宾省",意思是关系代词在限制*定语从句中作宾语可以省略,不管是that,which,还是whom。但是which能引导非限制*定语从句,that则不行。

其次,记得以下只能用that的几种情况:

1.当先行词为all,much,little,none及由any,every,some,no所构成的复合不定代词时。

如:

pleasetellmeanythingthatyouknowaboutthematter.

有关此事,凡是你所知道的请告诉我。

2.当先行词被any,few,little,no,all,much,some等词修饰时。

如:youcantakeanyseatthatisfree.

任何空着的座位你都可以坐。

3.当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。

如:

thisisthefourthfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.

这是我们校本学期放映的第四部电影。

4.当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

如:

thisisthemostinterestingstorybookthatihaveeverread.

这是我读过的一本最有趣的故事书。

5.当先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,thejust,thesame等修饰时。

如:

theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.

我们唯一能做的事就是等待。

注意:先行词被thesame修饰时,关系代词也可用as。

如:ineedthesamebookthat/asyouhave.

我需要有你一样的书。

6.当先行词既包含人又包含物时。

如:theyaretalkingoftheheroinesandtheirdeedsthatinterestthem.

他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。

7.当先行词是疑问代词who,which,what或主句以这些词开头时。

如:

whothathaseverworkedtogetherwithhimdoesn’tadmirehim?

曾经和他一起工作过的谁不钦佩他?

8.当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。

如:

ourschoolisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.

我们的学校现在已不是过去的那个样子了。

9.先行词为time时,当time表示次数,引导词用that,可省略。当表示时间,可用that或when引导,都可省略。

如:

idid'tremembertheexacttime(when/that)iarrivedinshanghailastmonth.

我不记得上个月到达上海的确切时间了。

最后,请注意以下几种只能使用which的情况:

1.在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词必须用which。

如:

thisisthereferencebookofwhichtheteacherisspeaking.

这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。

注意:如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定*定语从句的句首,which就可换为that,例如:

thisisthequestionwhich/thatwe’vehadsomuchdiscussionabout.=thisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.

这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。

2.先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时,关系代词通常只用which而不用that。

如:youshouldgraspwellthoseskillswhichmaybeusedinthefuturework.

你应该掌握好这些可以用到未来工作中的技能。

最后,记得这个特殊情况吧:当先行词是表示原因或方式的名词时,可以用that引导定语从句,相当于介词+which,that可以省略。

如:

hedidn’tlikethewaythat(=inwhich)shespeakstohismother.

他不喜欢她对他的母亲那样说话。

imaginethespeedthat(=atwhich)hedrivesthecar.

很难想象,他开车开得那么快。

第2篇:定语从句连接词

定语从句的连接词不可以用what.

一.定语从句及相关术语

1.定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有where,when,why等。

关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。

二.关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人,在从句中做主语

(1)theboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromclassone.

(2)yesterdayihelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.

2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

(1)mr.liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.

(2)mr.lingisjusttheboywhomiwanttosee.

注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

(3)themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.

3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

(1)footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.

(2)thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.

4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。

(5)thenumberofthepeoplethat/whoetovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.

(6)whereisthemanthat/whomisawthismorning?

5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语

(1)hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

(2)ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.

whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替

(3)theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

(4)theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

(5)doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?

(6)doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?

三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导

(1)theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.

(2)theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.

(3)tomorrowiwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.

(4)tomorrowiwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.

(5)we”llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.

(6)we”llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.

注意:1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等

(1)thisisthewatchwhich/thatiamlookingfor.(t)

(2)thisisthewatchforwhichiamlooking.(f)

2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose

(1)themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(t)

(2)themanwithwho/thatyoutalkedismyfriend.(f)

(3)theplaneinwhichweflewtocanadaisveryfortable.(t)

(4)theplaneinthatweflewintocanadaisveryfortable.(f)

3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词

(1)helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.

(2)inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.

(3)therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.

四.关系副词引导的定语从句

1.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语

(1)istillrememberthedaywhenifirstcametotheschool.

(2)thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.

2.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语

(1)shanghaiisthecitywhereiwasborn.

(2)thehousewhereilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

3.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语

(1)pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.

(2)idon”tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.

注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1)thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,

(2)fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.

(3)greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/whereiwasborn.

五.限制*定语从句和非限制*定语从句

限制*定语从句举例:

(1)theteachertoldmethattomwastheonlypersonthaticoulddependon.

(2)chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.

非限制*定语从句举例:

(1)hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.

(2)china,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbeingmoreandmorepowerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同

(1)hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)

(2)hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)

第3篇:介词 which 定语从句

1、语法作用:

“介词+关系代词”在从句中主要起关系副词的作用,即在定语从句中充当状语:

(1)表示地点,时间和原因的“介词+which”分别相当于where,when,why。

ihavefoundthebookinwhichthenamesofalltheearlysatellitesarementioned.(sefc2al.55)(=ihavefoundthebook.thenamesofalltheearlysatellitesarementionedinit.)

theearthonwhich/whereweliveisapla.

i”llneverforgetthedayonwhich/whenijoinedtheleague.

iknowawoodinwhich/whereyoucanfindroses.

isthereanyreasonforwhich/whyyoushouldhaveaholiday?

(2)way后常用that代替inwhich,也可省略that。

ireallydon”tlikethewaythathetalks.

thatwasthewayinwhichtheoldladylookedafterus.

doitthewayishowedyou.

2、“of+which”起形容词的作用,相当于whose(用来指物),其词序通常是“n.+ofwhich”。

theyliveinahousewhosedoor/thedoorofwhichopenstothesouth.

he”swrittenabookwhosename/thenameofwhichi”ve-pletelyforgotten.

3、可引导限制*定语从句和非限制*定语从句

thereisarocketbywhichthedirectionofthesatellitecanbechanged.(sefc2al.55)

wecarefullystudiedthephotos,inwhichwecouldseesignsofplantdisease.(sefc2al.55)

4、介词的选择(选择介词时须考虑下列情况)

(1)介词与先行词的习惯搭配

thereisnowayinwhichitcouldbebroughtbacktotheearth.(sefc2al.55)(in与way是习惯搭配)

(2)介词与定语从句中的动词,形容词的习惯搭配

thesearethewireswithwhichdifferentmachinesareconnected.(beconnectedwith是习惯搭配)

theauthorwithwhomallofusarefamiliarwillvisitourpa-ny.(befamiliarwith是习惯搭配)

(3)同形的先行词,或定语从句中的动词,形容词表示不同的含义时,要根据其含义选用不同的介词。

ican”tremembertheageatwhichhewontheprize.

thatistheageinwhichpeopleliveinpeaceandhappiness.

age在前句中意为“年岁”,与at搭配;在后句中意为“时期”,与in搭配。

(4)复杂介词须保持其完整形式,常见的复杂介词有onthetopof,inthemiddleof,infrontof,inspiteof,atthebackof,becauseof等。

wetookaphotoofrocket,thelengthofwhichwasabout30me-tres.(sefc2al.55)

soundisatoolbymeansofwhichpeoplemunicatewitheachother.

theymarchedthroughthesquare,inthemiddleofwhichstoodamonument.

(5)短语动词中的介词不可与动词分开提至关系代词前。常见的短语动词有listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof,lookinto,breakinto,getridof,takepartin,makeuseof,takeholdof,catchholdof,catchupwith,getalongwith,lookforwardto等。此时可用which,who,whom或that,也可将他们省略。

(误)thisisthegirlofwhomhewilltakecare.

(正)thisisthegirlwhomhewilltakecareof.

(6)当介词与定语从句中的动词或形容词联系紧密(但不是短语动词)时,介词也可放在动词或形容词的后面。但当介词与从句中的动词或形容词联系不紧密时,则需将介词置于关系代词前。比较:

thespacestationwhichwedrovetowasinthedesert.(sefc2al.55)

i”llneverforgetthedayinwhichijoinedtheparty.

后句中的in若置于句尾则有“孤零零”之感,这时宜将介词置于关系代词前;而前句中的to则可后置。

5、关系代词的选择

用于介词后的关系代词只有which,whom,前者指物,后者指人。

therearemanyresearchstationsontheearthinwhichouterspaceisstudied.(sefc2al.55)(which指代researchstations)

wequestionedthepilot,fromwhomwelearntthatnootherplaneshadbeenseen.(sefc2al.55)(whom指代thepilot)

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