定语从句连接词which
第1篇:定语从句连接词which
学英语,一大痛点在定语从句,which就是痛中之痛之一。下面是小编整理的定语从句连接词which,欢迎大家阅读参考,希望帮助到你。
定语从句连接词which用法
which是定语从句的关系代词之一。gmat语法考试限定,which有且仅有两种用法。
一,which前面有逗号,逗号前面是个名词,which就近指代那个名词。
(1)tankfieldemailedpeasomephotos,whichdidnotcheerpeaup.
which就近指代photos,定语从句中谓语动词didnotcheer(peaup)的发出者即从句主语即先行词photos,是photos没让豌豆家属高兴起来。
(2)tankfieldemailedpeasomephotos,whichpeadidnotfindinteresting.
which就近指代photos,photos是定语从句中的宾语,把定语从句还原成一个完整句就是peadidnotfindthephotosinteresting.
可以看到,上面两个句子都可以以that为关系代词改写,即
(1)’tankfieldemailedpeasomephotosthatdidnotcheerpeaup.
(2)’tankfieldemailedpeasomephotosthatpeadidnotfindinteresting.
改写与原版区别在哪儿?就在一个逗号。which前面是名词,名词和which之间没逗号的,在gmat语法里算错。
二,which前面是介词,介词前面是名词,which就近指代介词前的那个名词,名词和介词之间有无逗号均可。
tankfieldoncelentpeaabookfromwhichpeaglimpsedthebasicsofgenes.
这个句子可以“拆”成如下两句:(每个定语从句都可以拆成两句,以先行词为拆分点)
tankfieldoncelentpeaabook.peaglimpsedthebasicsofgenesfromthebook.
先行词实际上是定语从句中介词的宾语,这时,需要把介词提前,避免如下表达:
tankfieldoncelentpeaabook,whichpeaglimpsedthebasicsofgenesfrom.(xxx)
tankfieldoncelentpeaabookthatpeaglimpsedthebasicsofgenesfrom.(xxx)
拓展:定语从句中的that和which用法区别
that和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语,做宾语时可以省略。在定语从句中,有种说法叫"关宾省",意思是关系代词在限制*定语从句中作宾语可以省略,不管是that,which,还是whom。但是which能引导非限制*定语从句,that则不行。
其次,记得以下只能用that的几种情况:
1.当先行词为all,much,little,none及由any,every,some,no所构成的复合不定代词时。
如:
pleasetellmeanythingthatyouknowaboutthematter.
有关此事,凡是你所知道的请告诉我。
2.当先行词被any,few,little,no,all,much,some等词修饰时。
如:youcantakeanyseatthatisfree.
任何空着的座位你都可以坐。
3.当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。
如:
thisisthefourthfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.
这是我们校本学期放映的第四部电影。
4.当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
如:
thisisthemostinterestingstorybookthatihaveeverread.
这是我读过的一本最有趣的故事书。
5.当先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,thejust,thesame等修饰时。
如:
theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.
我们唯一能做的事就是等待。
注意:先行词被thesame修饰时,关系代词也可用as。
如:ineedthesamebookthat/asyouhave.
我需要有你一样的书。
6.当先行词既包含人又包含物时。
如:theyaretalkingoftheheroinesandtheirdeedsthatinterestthem.
他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。
7.当先行词是疑问代词who,which,what或主句以这些词开头时。
如:
whothathaseverworkedtogetherwithhimdoesn’tadmirehim?
曾经和他一起工作过的谁不钦佩他?
8.当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。
如:
ourschoolisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.
我们的学校现在已不是过去的那个样子了。
9.先行词为time时,当time表示次数,引导词用that,可省略。当表示时间,可用that或when引导,都可省略。
如:
idid'tremembertheexacttime(when/that)iarrivedinshanghailastmonth.
我不记得上个月到达上海的确切时间了。
最后,请注意以下几种只能使用which的情况:
1.在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词必须用which。
如:
thisisthereferencebookofwhichtheteacherisspeaking.
这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意:如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定*定语从句的句首,which就可换为that,例如:
thisisthequestionwhich/thatwe’vehadsomuchdiscussionabout.=thisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.
这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
2.先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时,关系代词通常只用which而不用that。
如:youshouldgraspwellthoseskillswhichmaybeusedinthefuturework.
你应该掌握好这些可以用到未来工作中的技能。
最后,记得这个特殊情况吧:当先行词是表示原因或方式的名词时,可以用that引导定语从句,相当于介词+which,that可以省略。
如:
hedidn’tlikethewaythat(=inwhich)shespeakstohismother.
他不喜欢她对他的母亲那样说话。
imaginethespeedthat(=atwhich)hedrivesthecar.
很难想象,他开车开得那么快。
第2篇:定语从句连接词
定语从句的连接词不可以用what.
一.定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有where,when,why等。
关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二.关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1)theboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromclassone.
(2)yesterdayihelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1)mr.liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.
(2)mr.lingisjusttheboywhomiwanttosee.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3)themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1)footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.
(2)thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.
4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5)thenumberofthepeoplethat/whoetovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.
(6)whereisthemanthat/whomisawthismorning?
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1)hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(4)theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(5)doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?
(6)doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1)theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.
(2)theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
(3)tomorrowiwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.
(4)tomorrowiwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.
(5)we”llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.
(6)we”llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.
注意:1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等
(1)thisisthewatchwhich/thatiamlookingfor.(t)
(2)thisisthewatchforwhichiamlooking.(f)
2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1)themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(t)
(2)themanwithwho/thatyoutalkedismyfriend.(f)
(3)theplaneinwhichweflewtocanadaisveryfortable.(t)
(4)theplaneinthatweflewintocanadaisveryfortable.(f)
3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词
(1)helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
(2)inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.
(3)therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.
四.关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语
(1)istillrememberthedaywhenifirstcametotheschool.
(2)thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
2.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语
(1)shanghaiisthecitywhereiwasborn.
(2)thehousewhereilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
3.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
(1)pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
(2)idon”tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1)thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,
(2)fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.
(3)greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/whereiwasborn.
五.限制*定语从句和非限制*定语从句
限制*定语从句举例:
(1)theteachertoldmethattomwastheonlypersonthaticoulddependon.
(2)chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.
非限制*定语从句举例:
(1)hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.
(2)china,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbeingmoreandmorepowerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同
(1)hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)
(2)hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)
第3篇:介词 which 定语从句
1、语法作用:
“介词+关系代词”在从句中主要起关系副词的作用,即在定语从句中充当状语:
(1)表示地点,时间和原因的“介词+which”分别相当于where,when,why。
ihavefoundthebookinwhichthenamesofalltheearlysatellitesarementioned.(sefc2al.55)(=ihavefoundthebook.thenamesofalltheearlysatellitesarementionedinit.)
theearthonwhich/whereweliveisapla.
i”llneverforgetthedayonwhich/whenijoinedtheleague.
iknowawoodinwhich/whereyoucanfindroses.
isthereanyreasonforwhich/whyyoushouldhaveaholiday?
(2)way后常用that代替inwhich,也可省略that。
ireallydon”tlikethewaythathetalks.
thatwasthewayinwhichtheoldladylookedafterus.
doitthewayishowedyou.
2、“of+which”起形容词的作用,相当于whose(用来指物),其词序通常是“n.+ofwhich”。
theyliveinahousewhosedoor/thedoorofwhichopenstothesouth.
he”swrittenabookwhosename/thenameofwhichi”ve-pletelyforgotten.
3、可引导限制*定语从句和非限制*定语从句
thereisarocketbywhichthedirectionofthesatellitecanbechanged.(sefc2al.55)
wecarefullystudiedthephotos,inwhichwecouldseesignsofplantdisease.(sefc2al.55)
4、介词的选择(选择介词时须考虑下列情况)
(1)介词与先行词的习惯搭配
thereisnowayinwhichitcouldbebroughtbacktotheearth.(sefc2al.55)(in与way是习惯搭配)
(2)介词与定语从句中的动词,形容词的习惯搭配
thesearethewireswithwhichdifferentmachinesareconnected.(beconnectedwith是习惯搭配)
theauthorwithwhomallofusarefamiliarwillvisitourpa-ny.(befamiliarwith是习惯搭配)
(3)同形的先行词,或定语从句中的动词,形容词表示不同的含义时,要根据其含义选用不同的介词。
ican”tremembertheageatwhichhewontheprize.
thatistheageinwhichpeopleliveinpeaceandhappiness.
age在前句中意为“年岁”,与at搭配;在后句中意为“时期”,与in搭配。
(4)复杂介词须保持其完整形式,常见的复杂介词有onthetopof,inthemiddleof,infrontof,inspiteof,atthebackof,becauseof等。
wetookaphotoofrocket,thelengthofwhichwasabout30me-tres.(sefc2al.55)
soundisatoolbymeansofwhichpeoplemunicatewitheachother.
theymarchedthroughthesquare,inthemiddleofwhichstoodamonument.
(5)短语动词中的介词不可与动词分开提至关系代词前。常见的短语动词有listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof,lookinto,breakinto,getridof,takepartin,makeuseof,takeholdof,catchholdof,catchupwith,getalongwith,lookforwardto等。此时可用which,who,whom或that,也可将他们省略。
(误)thisisthegirlofwhomhewilltakecare.
(正)thisisthegirlwhomhewilltakecareof.
(6)当介词与定语从句中的动词或形容词联系紧密(但不是短语动词)时,介词也可放在动词或形容词的后面。但当介词与从句中的动词或形容词联系不紧密时,则需将介词置于关系代词前。比较:
thespacestationwhichwedrovetowasinthedesert.(sefc2al.55)
i”llneverforgetthedayinwhichijoinedtheparty.
后句中的in若置于句尾则有“孤零零”之感,这时宜将介词置于关系代词前;而前句中的to则可后置。
5、关系代词的选择
用于介词后的关系代词只有which,whom,前者指物,后者指人。
therearemanyresearchstationsontheearthinwhichouterspaceisstudied.(sefc2al.55)(which指代researchstations)
wequestionedthepilot,fromwhomwelearntthatnootherplaneshadbeenseen.(sefc2al.55)(whom指代thepilot)
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