英语语法之主谓一致总结1

　　谓语动词的数通常用单数(即遵循语法一致的原则)：

　　Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那儿玩。

　　More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试未及格。

　　2. each 用于复数名词后作同位语

　　此时谓语动词用复数：

　　They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英汉词典。

　　The young people each carry a big bag. 这些年轻人个个背着一个大袋子。

　　3. 主语后接in addition to, with, along with, together with, except, but等介词

　　其后的动词形式取决介词前主语：

　　Nothing but trees was to be seen. 除了树木之外什么也看不见。

　　No one except my parents knows anything about this. 除我父母外没人知道此事。

　　Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。

　　4. means作主语

　　名词means(方法)单数与复数同形，用作主语时，其谓语的单复数要视具体含义而定(尤其注意其前的修饰语)：

　　These means are very good. 这些方法很好。

　　Such a means is really unpleasant. 这样的方法确实是令人不愉快。

　　若没有特定的修饰语或语境，则用单数或复数谓语均可：

　　There is [are] no good means. 没有好的方法。

　　Are [Is] there any other means of doing it? 做这事还有其他的什么办法吗?

　　初中英语学习口诀：初中英语初中英语语法学习口诀

　　“顺口溜”的特有韵律会使抽象、烦琐的词语和语法知识、规则化难为易，便于记忆，增强了学生的学习热情和学习信心，学生的学习成绩会直线上升，有的记忆深刻，甚至会终生难忘。

　　如：

　　1.最初的简单动词的学习。

　　来是come，去是go。点头yes，摇头no。再见要用goodbye，谢谢要说thank you。

　　2.关于Be的用法：BTH

　　我用am，你用 are，is用在他、她、它，凡是复数都用are。不能错来，不能差。

　　3.关于冠词的使用：BTH

　　不见原因(元音)，别施恩(n)。

　　4.不用冠词的部分情况：BTH

　　季节、月份、节假日，三餐、球类和星期。

　　5.以-fe结尾变复数只加s的单词：

　　gulf roof chief serf blief proof handkerchief

　　海湾边，屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望，谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。

　　6.复习以-f (e)结尾的名词变复数：

　　leaf half self wife knife shelf wolf

　　thief

　　树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮，

　　架后窜出一只狼，就像**逃命忙。

　　7.关于以o 结尾的单词变复数加es的情况：

　　Negro hero tomato potato

　　黑人英雄吃土豆和***。

　　8.关于非延续性动词：

　　begin leave go borrow come return join die buy arrive

　　开始离去，借来还，出生入死，买到家。

　　9.过去时：

　　过去时的句子变化口诀：过去时，时过去。过去事态是否是，过去时间是标志。否定句很简单，did之后not添。疑问句也不难，did置于主语前。过去置于动词前，谓语动词需还原。

　　巧记动词过去时形式-ed的变化：

　　(1)变化规则：动词变化很好记，一般末尾加-ed。如果词尾e有个紧跟其后加个d。辅音字母加y，要y把变i，特殊变化有熟记，保你一定考第一。

　　(2)读音规则：

　　清(清辅音)读清[t]，浊读浊[d]，[t][d]后面读[id]。

　　10.关于基数词的书写：

　　基数词不难记，12以内词各异，13数到19级，teen莫丢弃。20、30到90， 尾随ty是整十，说到几使几，中有 “—”要强记，遇到整百要警惕。

　　11.关于基数词变序数词：

　　基变序，有规律，123肩靠肩。8去e，9去t， ve要用f替，辅(音)后y， y→ie，th结尾莫大意，若遇数字几十几，只变个位就可以。

　　12.修饰名词的大致词序排列：

　　(A.)美圆小旧黄，法国木书房。“美” **描述性的词， “圆”**形状， “小” **大小， “旧” **新旧、年龄， “黄” **颜色， “法国” **产地 “木” **质地 “书” **名词性定语说明用途。如：

　　(1*.)The first beautiful little white Chinese stone bridge.

　　第一座美丽的*小白石桥。

　　(2*.)A tall intelligent young Chinese officer.

　　一个聪慧的个子很高的年轻的*军官。

　　(B.)或者用：

　　县官行令，杀国才;植树苗，大新颜。

　　县(限定词)官(冠词)行(形容词)令(表年龄的词)，杀国(表产地的词)才(材料);植(指示代词)树(数词)苗(描述性的词)，大(表大小的词)新(表新旧的词)颜(表颜色的词)。

　　如：

　　(1*.)A few new major urban highways.

　　几条新的主要城区公路。

　　(2*.)Some sour green eating apple.

　　一些酸绿的食用苹果。

　　13.关于被动语态的使用：

　　动作谁做的不知道，说出谁做没必要。

　　接受动作要强调，被动语态最为妙。

　　14.关于五种简单句：

　　英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。

　　句子中间为动词，后接语是关键。

　　系动词后接表语，vi独身无牵连。

　　vt又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见。

　　15.双元音也好背，合口集中八个位。

　　辅音共计二十八，七浊一清又八对。

　　四个连对也包括，有气无声清辅音。

　　有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。

　　16. 使役动词后接动词不定式做宾语补足语省略“to”的特殊动词：

　　一些动词要掌握，一听hear,二看see watch三感觉feel， make let help[2],再加动词不带to,help是个两面派，其他动词非这块。还可以掌握“八字言”一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch 后只接动名词。

英语语法之主谓一致总结2

　　在英语中，为了避免重复，句子中的某些部分经常省略，给考生的理解增加了困难。现对省略现象总结如下:

　　一、并列复合句中某些相同成分的省略。

　　1. This beeper works well，but that one doesnt (work well).

　　这个寻呼机工作正常，但那个就不行。

　　2. All uranium atoms do not have the same atomic weight. Some of them weigh 234 units，some (of them) (weigh) 235 units，and some (of them) (weigh) 238 units.所有的铀原子并非都有相同的原子量。***的重234，有的重235，而有的重238。

　　二、在when，while，if，as if，though(或although)，as，until，once，wheth er，unless，where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。

　　1. When (water is) pure，water is a colorless liquid.

　　水纯净时，是无色的液体。

　　2. When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help.

　　我困难时总是找她帮助。

　　3. Errors，if any，should be corrected.

　　如果有什么错误，就应当改正。(if后省略了there are)

　　4. Wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning.

　　木头燃烧时，它放出很多烟。

　　5. The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for.

　　这封信留在这里待领。

　　6. Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something.

　　亨利向四周环视，似乎在寻找什么。

　　7. She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak.

　　她尽管体弱，但学习仍十分努力。

　　三、当见到“when (或if，where，wherever，whenever，as soon as，as fast a s，than等)+possible/necessary等”时，可理解中间省略了it is(或was)。

　　1. Answer these questions，if (it is) possible without referring to the book.

　　如果有可能，请不看书回答这些问题。

　　2. When (it is) necessary you can help us to do something.

　　必要时你可以帮助我们做些事。

　　四、有形式主语it的主语从句可省略that。

　　1. It seems (或appears) (that) Joe is out，not Jack.

　　外出不在的似乎是乔，不是杰克。

　　2. It is an honor (that) I was invited to your birthday party.

　　我很荣幸被邀请参加你的生日聚会。

　　3. Its a pity (that) you cant operate a com*r.

　　很遗憾，你不会操作计算机。

　　4. It is the third time (that) I have come to China.

　　这是我第三次来*。

　　五、在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whom，which，that。

　　1. That is the naughty boy (whom/that) we talked about last week.

　　那就是我们上周议论的淘气男孩。

　　六、在direction(方向)，way(方式)，distance(距离)，time(时间)，times(倍数)等后面所接的定语从句中常省略that，which，in which。

　　1. The direction (in which) we move a body can be changed.

　　我们移动物体的`方向是可以改变的。

　　2. The distance (which或that) light travels in one second is 300，000 kilometers.

　　光每秒走的距离是30万公里。

　　七、以there be开头的句子，其主语的定语从句常可省略关联词，而there be结构作定语从句时，省略作主语的关系代词。

　　1. There is a chance Dr. Li will be able to be back for May Day.

　　李博士也许有机会能回来过五一节。

　　2. We have to make a list of all the books there are on the subject. 我们必须把所有关于这个题目的书列出一个单子。

　　八、命令句、惊叹句、部分第一人称的陈述句、部分问句和答句中省略最为常见。

　　1. Open the door!开门!

　　2. Why not?为什么不?

　　3. Why so?为什么这样?

　　4. Anybody wishing to go?谁愿意去啊?

　　九、用so，not或其它**来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句义。

　　1.—Can Emily do this work?

　　埃米莉能做这件工作吗?

　　—I think so.

　　我想她行。

　　—I think not (或I dont think so).

　　我想她不行。

　　2.—Did you know anything about it?

　　这件事你以前知道吗?

　　—Not until you told me.

　　你告诉了我，才知道。

　　3. He has gone. No one knowsswheres(he has gone).

　　他走了，谁也不知道他去什么地方了。

　　4. Jenny knows what (is to be done)!

　　詹妮有办法!

英语语法之主谓一致总结 (菁选2篇)扩展阅读

英语语法之主谓一致总结 (菁选2篇)（扩展1）

——中考英语语法主谓一致练习题及答案3篇

中考英语语法主谓一致练习题及答案1

　　1. Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.

　　A. were B. is C. was D. are

　　2. Two days _______enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.

　　A. isn’t B. is C. are’t D. are

　　3. —How many lessons do you usually haver a day?

　　—Six lessons a day. And each of then _____45 minutes.

　　A. last B. lasts C. have D. are

　　4. Neither Liping nor I _______a basketball player.

　　A. am B. is C. be D. are

　　5. There ______ many new words in lesson one,It is very easy.

　　A. is B. aren’t C. isn’t D. are

　　6. The number of the students in our school ____1200.

　　A. is B. are C. has D. have

　　7. Maths _______ my favourite subject.

　　A. be B. is C. am D. are

　　8. The boy with the two dogs _____ when the earthquake rocked the city.

　　A. were sleeping B. is sleeping

　　C. was sleeping D. are asle

　　9. Every one except Tom and John _____there when the meeting began.

　　A. are B. is C. were D. was

　　10. That place is not interesting at all, ____of us wants to go there.

　　A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some

　　11. Nobody but Jane _____ the secret.

　　A. know B. knows C. have know D. is

　　12. —What’s on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it?

　　—There _____some eggs and cakes on it.

　　A. is B. are C. was D. were

　　13. This pair of glasses ______mine.

　　A. are B. be C. is D. will be

　　14. Both Lily and Lucy ______ to the party yesterday.

　　A. invited B. was invited

　　C. had invited D. were invirted

　　15. —Two months ______quite a long time.

　　—Yes, I’m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.

　　A. is B. are C. was D. were

　　16. In the city the old _______.

　　A. take good care of B. are taken good care of

　　C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of

　　17. His family _____all very kind and friendly, His family ______a happy one.

　　A. are,is B. is,is C. are,are D. is,are

　　18. The singer and the dancer _____come to Beijing.

　　A. has B. have C. are D. is

　　19. The children in this class each _____new school bag.

　　A. have B. has C. has got D. are having

　　20. All but one _____ here just now.

　　A. is B. was C. has been D. were

　　21. If Bob's wife won't agree to go on holiday in winter, .

　　A.neither he will B. neither won't he

　　C. neither will he D. he won't neither

　　22. I haven't finished my homeworked yet.

　　A. so has he B. Neither he has C. He has too D. He hasn't either

　　23. “I'm going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow.” “ .”

　　A. I am so B. So am I C. So go I D. So I go

　　24. You as well as he to blame(责备) for the accident(交通事故).

　　A. are B. is C. have D. has

　　25. Neither my wife nor I myself able to teach my daughter to sing English songs.

　　A. has been B. is C. are D. am

英语语法之主谓一致总结 (菁选2篇)（扩展2）

——基础英语中主谓一致的用法3篇

基础英语中主谓一致的用法1

　　在“副词here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away等、作状语或表语的介词短语或分词短语+谓语动词+主语”的倒装结构中，谓语动词的数由动词后面的主语决定。如：

　　On the wall hang two maps. 墙上挂着两张地图。

　　On the wall hangs a world of map. 墙上挂着一张世界地图。

　　Here is your coat. 这是你的外套。

　　Here are your running-shoes. 这是你的`跑鞋。

　　Such is the result. 结果就是这样。

　　Such are the results. 这就是结果。

基础英语中主谓一致的用法2

　　1. 就近型：由or, either…or, neither…or, not… but…, not only…but also等连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致。如：

　　Neither you nor he is tired. 你和他都没累。

　　Not you but I am to blame. 不是你的错而是我的错。

　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. 不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。

　　2. 就远型：由as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than 等连接的并列成分作主语，其谓语通常与前面一个主语保持一致。如：主谓一致

　　The son, as well as his parents, wants to go there. 不但儿子想去那儿，而且他的父母也想去。

　　3. 复数型：由and和both……and连接的并列成分作主语，其谓语总是用复数。如：

　　(Both) New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。

　　注：当由and连接的两个并列主语受each, every, no的修饰时，其谓语用单数。另外，当and连接的两个的词语指同一个人或事物时，其谓语也要用单数。如：

　　Every man and woman wants to join it. 每个男女都想加入它.

　　A teacher and poet visited our school the other day. 早几天一位教师诗人参观了我们学校。

基础英语中主谓一致的用法3

　　)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

　　There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..

　　There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.

　　2)当either… or… 与neither… nor，　连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。

　　Either you or she is to go.

　　Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

英语语法之主谓一致总结 (菁选2篇)（扩展3）

——英语语法总结主谓一致 (菁选2篇)

英语语法总结主谓一致1

　　1.主语是he ,she, it, either, neither, each, anything, something, everything, nothing, someone, everyone, anyone, nobody, no one, 等代词时，谓语动词用单数。

　　Someone is asking for you. 有人在找你。

　　Everyone is here. 大家都来了。

　　Each of the boys has an apple.

　　2. 表示总称意义的名词people, cattle, police做主语时，谓语动词用复数。

　　Cattle are farmer’s friends.

　　The policeman is standing at the street corner. The police are searching for him.

　　3. 主语是：时间，距离，价格等名词，即使是复数形式，谓语动词只用单数。

　　Three years passes quickly.

　　Two meters is not long enough.

　　4.主语是：clothes, glasses, trousers, shoes, socks, gloves 等名词时，谓语动词用复数。

　　The trousers are not expensive.

　　Your socks are over there.

　　5.主语是：family, class, team, group等名词时，如果是作为整体，谓语动词用单数；如果作为其中一个个的成员，谓语动词用复数。

　　Our class is made up of ten students.

　　Our class are working very hard.

　　6. 主语是the number of+名词复数时，表示……的数目，谓语动词用单数。但是主语是a number of+名词复数时，表示许多，谓语动词用复数。

　　The number of students in our school is large.

　　A number of students in our school are from America.

　　7.and 连接的两个成对的名词：fork and knife, bread and butter, coffee and water等，表示单一的概念，故谓语动词用单数。

　　Where is youe fork and knife?

　　Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.

　　8. and 连接的两个名词若是指同一个人，谓语动词用单数。

　　The teacher and writer is my uncle.

　　The teacher and the writer are coming to us now.

　　9. and 连接的两个名词前分别有every, each, many a修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

　　Every boy and every girl enjoys themselves in the school.

　　Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting.

　　10. 主语是：many a +名词单数；a +名词单数+or two，谓语动词用单数。

　　Many a student is interested in English. 很多学生对英语感兴趣。

　　A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad. 一两个工人将被派往**去工作。

　　11. 主语是：one or two+名词复数，谓语动词用复数。

　　One or two spelling mistakes have been found in your composition.

　　12. One and a half+名词复数做主语，谓语动词用单数。

　　One and a half bananas is left on the table.

　　13.either…or…, neither… nor…, not only…but also…等连接名词作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。

　　Neither you nor he is right.

　　14.主语是：介词with, together with, except, besides, as well as, but等连接的两个名词时，谓语动词的形式应与介词前面的名词的数保持一致。

　　The teacher with his students is discussing a question. 老师和学生们在讨论问题。

　　Nothing but cars is sold in the shop.

　　英语语法经典例题8：非谓语动词例题

　　【导语】英语语法让很多学生都头疼，因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全，希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。

　　1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.

　　A. enter B. to enter

　　C. entering D. entered

　　【陷阱】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词 could 就断定此处应填动词原形 enter。

　　【分析】其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句，即在 could 后省略了动词 do，若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句：

　　(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他们尽量安慰她。

　　(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。

　　(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。

　　值得指出的是，这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题：

　　(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.

　　A. to hope B. hope

　　C. hoping D. hoped

　　此题的答案是 C不是A，其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。

　　(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.

　　A. practise B. to practise

　　C. practising D. practised

　　此题答案选 C，这与前面动词 spent 的搭配有关，即 spend … (in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整，即为 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.

　　(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could ____D____ his oral English.

　　A. improve B. to improve

　　C. improving D. to improving

　　此题答案选D，注意两点：一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配，意为“把……贡献给……”;二是其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。

　　2. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.

　　A. doing B. to do

　　C. being doing D. to be done

　　【陷阱】容易误选B，根据 can’t help doing sth 这一结构推出。

　　【分析】其实答案应选A。比较以下结构：

　　can’t help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事

　　can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事

　　又如下面一题，答案也是 B：

　　She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.

　　A cleaning B. to clean

　　C. cleaned D. being cleaned

　　再请看以下试题：

　　While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.

　　A. to persuade B. persuading

　　C. being persuaded D. be persuaded

　　此题应选C，句中的 can’t help 意为“禁不住”(注意根据句意用被动形式)。

　　3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.

　　A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing

　　C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

　　【分析】此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下：

　　(1) devote 意为“致力于，献身于”，主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。

　　(2) 选A错误：若将 do 改为 doing 则可以。

　　(3) 选B正确：all her time devoted to doing experiments为**主格结构，用作状语。

　　(4) 选C错误：因为all her time 与 devote 为被动关系，故应将devoting改为devoted。

　　(5) 选D错误：若单独看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并没有错，但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体上看仍不对，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，则可选D，或将D将中的is 改为 being也可选它。

　　英语语法经典例题800例：虚拟语气（例题）

　　【导语】英语语法让很多学生都头疼，因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全，希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。

　　1. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.

　　A. will show B. would show

　　C. am going to show D. am showing

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

　　【分析】正确答案选B。根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article(要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了)。

　　2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”

　　A. He’d better give up drinking

　　B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much

　　C. Health is more important than drink

　　D. I wonder why he is always doing so

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中 drunk 一词的影响。

　　【分析】最佳答案为D。关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D。

　　3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.”

　　A. do B. are

　　C. will D. would

　　【陷阱】容易误选A或C。选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致;选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。

　　【分析】此题最佳答案为D。分析如下：

　　(1) “so + 助动词 + 主语”是一个很有用的结构，它表示“……也一样”时。如：

　　He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。

　　When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。

　　(2) 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气(这是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D。

　　英语语法经典例题800例：强调句（例题）

　　【导语】英语语法让很多学生都头疼，因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全，希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。

　　1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.

　　A. It was we being late B. It was our being late

　　C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late

　　【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为强调的是原因状语从句 because we were late。

　　【分析】但实际上，此题的答案为B，强调的'是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为：

　　Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.

　　注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is [was]… that…，句子仍然成立;换句话说，该结构中的 that 不能充当句子成分。

　　2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.”

　　A. it that B. he that

　　C. it when D. he which

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均可能误选。

　　【分析】答案选A，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为：

　　It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.

　　比较以下各题，它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式：

　　(1) Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl?

　　A. since B. as C. that D. he

　　答案选C，被强调成分为 who，该句实为类似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的Tom **而得)。

　　(2) What is it _____ his daughter needs most?

　　A. what B. which C. that D. if

　　答案选C，被强调成分为 what，该句实为类似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的a bike **而得)。

　　3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.

　　A. It, careful B. It, carefully

　　C. He, careful D. He, carefully

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，但最有可能误选的可能是A，认为这是一个普通的系表结构，即认为第二空要填形容词作表语。

　　【分析】其实，此题是一个强调句，其非强调形式为 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is … that… 的强调句式强调其中的状语 very carefully 即为上面一题的题干，所以答案应选B。请看下面几例，也属强调结构：

　　(1) It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.

　　A. since B. as C. that D. then

　　答案选C，被强调成分为 when she was about to go to bed 这一时间状语从句。

　　(2) It may have been at Christmas _____ John gave Mary a handbag.

　　A. before B. who C. that D. when

　　答案选C，被强调成分为 at Christmas，其中的动词 be 采用了 may have been 这一较为复杂的形式。

　　4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall ______ the students

　　often have a meeting.”

　　A. where B. which

　　C. that D. when

　　【陷阱】很可能误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall。

　　【分析】假若选C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在

　　大厅开会”，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是“你是在

　　哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的?”假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。

　　其实，此题的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意

　　为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”，这样语意就通顺了。

　　5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.

　　A. which B. as

　　C. what D. that

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

　　【分析】此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填 that (即选D)，被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意

　　为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例：

　　(1) It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.

　　A. which B. since C. that D. what

　　答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 his nervousness in the interview，句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去

　　了这份工作”。

　　(2) It is the ability to do the job ______ ******* not where you come from or what you are.

　　A. one B. that C. what D. it

　　答案选B，为强调句型，被强调成分为 the ability to do the job，句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地

　　或你是从事什么工作的”。

　　英语语法大全经典例题800例：名词性从句（例题）

　　【导语】英语语法让很多学生都头疼，因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全，希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。

　　◆典型陷阱题分析◆

　　1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ he said meant.

　　A. that B. what

　　C. that that D. what what

　　【陷阱】可能误选B。许多同学一看选项首先就排除了C和D，认为这样两个“引导词”叠用的情况不太可能。在A和B两个选项中，选项A肯定不行，因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以便选择了B。

　　【分析】正确答案选 D。第一个what 用作动词 meant 的宾语，第二个what 用作动词 said 的宾语，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 为主句，what what he said meant 为宾语从句，而在此宾语从句中又包括有 what he said 这样一个主语从句。

　　2. After _______ had happened he could not continue to work there.

　　A. which B. how

　　C. what D. having

　　【陷阱】可能误选A。

　　【分析】最佳答案选 C。有的同学误选A，是因为认为介词后应接关系代词 which，但实际上，若填关系代词，其前没有先行词，这根据不是一个定语从句。另外，由于 had happened 缺主语，所以B和D也不能选。请再做下面一题(答案选B)：

　　He pointed to ______ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.”

　　A. that B. what

　　C. which D. as

　　3.“Is ______ you want to say?” asked the teacher.

　　A. this B. that

　　C. all that D. that all

　　【陷阱】根据中文字面意思误选A或B。

　　【分析】最佳答案选 D。假若选A或B，那么转换成陈述句即为：This is you want to say. / That is you want to say. 显然句中的两个谓语动词 is与want相冲突。选D组成的句子是 Is that all you want to say? 其中的that 为句子主语，all 为表语，you want to say 为定语从句，用以修饰all。

　　4. “When ______ leave for Japan?” “When ______ leave for Japan is kept secret.”

　　A. they will, will they B. will they, they will

　　C. they will, they will D. will they, will they

　　【陷阱】可能误选D，认为 when 后应用疑问句词序。

　　【分析】最佳答案选 B。第一个when引出的是一个特殊疑问句，故用疑问词序;第二个 when 引出的是主语从句，故其后用陈述句词序。请做以下试题(答案选C)：

　　(1) None knows if _______ that boy, but if _______ him, her parents will be disappointed.

　　A. she will marry, she will marry B. she marries, she marries

　　C. she will marry, she marries D. she marries, she will marry

　　(2) “Where _______ go to work?” “Where _______ go to work is not known.”

　　A. we shall, we shall B. shall we, shall we

　　C. shall we, we shall D. we shall, shall we

　　5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______.

　　A. who is he B. who he is

　　C. who is it D. who it is

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

　　【分析】此题最佳答案为D。首先可以排除A和C，因为空格处实为一个宾语从句，所以不能用疑问句词序。另一方面，但按英语习惯，当用于指代身份不明的人时，要用代词it，而不用 he 或she等。比较以下两句：

　　Mr Smith is at the door. He wants to see you. 史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。

　　Someone is at the door. It may be the postman. 有个人在门口，可能是邮递员。

　　第一句因前面指明了是 Mr Smith，所以后面用代词 he;而第二句因前面用的是不定代词 someone，说明此人身份尚不明确，故其后用了代词 it 来指代。

　　6. Don’t you know, my dear friend, ______ it is your money not you that she loves?

　　A. who B. which

　　C. that D. what

　　【陷阱】此题容易误选 A或B：选 A 的同学认为这是指人的，故用who;选B的同学认为这是非限制性定语从句，两者都是误认为这是定语从句(注意没有先行词)。

　　【分析】其实答案应选C。that引导的是一个宾语从句，用作动词 know 的宾语，它只是被句中的插入语 my dear friend 隔开罢了。请做以下试题(答案均为C)：

　　(1) Everyone knows, perhaps except you, _______ your girl-friend is a cheat.

　　A. who B. which

　　C. that D. what

　　(2) I think, though I could be mistaken, ______ she liked me.

　　A. who B. which

　　C. that D. what

　　(3) He told me the news, believe it or not, ______ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. as D. because

　　前面两题 that 引导宾语从句，后面一题 that同位语从句(修饰the news)。

　　英语语法大全：特殊同位语归纳

　　特殊同位语归纳

　　当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。基本形式的同位语大家一般不会出错，但有几种同位语，或由于本身结构特殊，或由于它修饰的成分结构比较特殊，往往会引起误解。现小结并举例说明如下，希望引起同学们的注意。

　　1. 代词we, us, you等后接同位语

　　Are you two reading? 你们二人在看书吗?

　　They three joined the school team. 他们3人参加了校队。

　　She has great concern for us students. 她对我们学生很关心。

　　He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。

　　We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子经常一起去看电影。

　　2. 不定式用作同位语

　　Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下达了发起总攻的命令。(to start the general attack与the order同位)

　　He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一条街走，我在那里接他**车。(to walk along…与the instruction同位)

　　3. -ing分词用作同位语

　　He's getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一个开卡车的差事。(driving a track与a job同位)

　　She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一个熨衣服的职位。(ironing shirts与a place同位)

　　The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。(attacking at night与the first plan同位)

　　4. 形容词用作同位语

　　The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou. 目前的交易会，是有史以来规模最大的，正在广州举行。

　　He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他读了很多书，古今中外都有。

　　People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade. 老老少少的人都来到街头观看**。

　　【注】这类同位语与定语比较接近，可转换成定语从句。如：

　　The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.

　　=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.

　　5. none of us之类的结构用作同位语

　　We none of us said anything. 我们谁也没说话。

　　We have none of us large appetites. 我们谁饭量都不大。

　　They neither of them wanted to go. 他们两人都不想去。

　　They've neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence. 他们两人谁也没能赢得她的信任。

　　【注】同位语并不影响其后句子谓语的“数”，如：

　　学生每人都有一本词典。

　　正：The students each have a dictionary.

　　误：The students each has a dictionary.

　　请比较下面一句(谓语用了单数，因为each为句子主语)：

　　正：Each of the students has a dictionary.

　　6. 从句用作同位语(即同位语从句)

　　They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。

　　I received a message that she would be late. 我得到的信息说她可能晚到。

　　The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。

　　The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong. 你可以不动脑筋做此工作的想法是错误的。

英语语法总结主谓一致2

　　1.主语是he ,she, it, either, neither, each, anything, something, everything, nothing, someone, everyone, anyone, nobody, no one, 等代词时，谓语动词用单数。

　　Someone is asking for you. 有人在找你。

　　Everyone is here. 大家都来了。

　　Each of the boys has an apple.

　　2. 表示总称意义的名词people, cattle, police做主语时，谓语动词用复数。

　　Cattle are farmer’s friends.

　　The policeman is standing at the street corner. The police are searching for him.

　　3. 主语是：时间，距离，价格等名词，即使是复数形式，谓语动词只用单数。

　　Three years passes quickly.

　　Two meters is not long enough.

　　4.主语是：clothes, glasses, trousers, shoes, socks, gloves 等名词时，谓语动词用复数。

　　The trousers are not expensive.

　　Your socks are over there.

　　5.主语是：family, class, team, group等名词时，如果是作为整体，谓语动词用单数；如果作为其中一个个的成员，谓语动词用复数。

　　Our class is made up of ten students.

　　Our class are working very hard.

　　6. 主语是the number of+名词复数时，表示……的数目，谓语动词用单数。但是主语是a number of+名词复数时，表示许多，谓语动词用复数。

　　The number of students in our school is large.

　　A number of students in our school are from America.

　　7.and 连接的两个成对的名词：fork and knife, bread and butter, coffee and water等，表示单一的概念，故谓语动词用单数。

　　Where is youe fork and knife?

　　Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.

　　8. and 连接的两个名词若是指同一个人，谓语动词用单数。

　　The teacher and writer is my uncle.

　　The teacher and the writer are coming to us now.

　　9. and 连接的两个名词前分别有every, each, many a修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

　　Every boy and every girl enjoys themselves in the school.

　　Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting.

　　10. 主语是：many a +名词单数；a +名词单数+or two，谓语动词用单数。

　　Many a student is interested in English. 很多学生对英语感兴趣。

　　A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad. 一两个工人将被派往**去工作。

　　11. 主语是：one or two+名词复数，谓语动词用复数。

　　One or two spelling mistakes have been found in your composition.

　　12. One and a half+名词复数做主语，谓语动词用单数。

　　One and a half bananas is left on the table.

　　13.either…or…, neither… nor…, not only…but also…等连接名词作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。

　　Neither you nor he is right.

　　14.主语是：介词with, together with, except, besides, as well as, but等连接的两个名词时，谓语动词的形式应与介词前面的名词的数保持一致。

　　The teacher with his students is discussing a question. 老师和学生们在讨论问题。

　　Nothing but cars is sold in the shop.

　　英语语法经典例题8：非谓语动词例题

　　【导语】英语语法让很多学生都头疼，因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全，希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。

　　1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.

　　A. enter B. to enter

　　C. entering D. entered

　　【陷阱】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词 could 就断定此处应填动词原形 enter。

　　【分析】其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句，即在 could 后省略了动词 do，若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句：

　　(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他们尽量安慰她。

　　(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。

　　(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。

　　值得指出的是，这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题：

　　(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.

　　A. to hope B. hope

　　C. hoping D. hoped

　　此题的答案是 C不是A，其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。

　　(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.

　　A. practise B. to practise

　　C. practising D. practised

　　此题答案选 C，这与前面动词 spent 的搭配有关，即 spend … (in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整，即为 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.

　　(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could ____D____ his oral English.

　　A. improve B. to improve

　　C. improving D. to improving

　　此题答案选D，注意两点：一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配，意为“把……贡献给……”;二是其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。

　　2. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.

　　A. doing B. to do

　　C. being doing D. to be done

　　【陷阱】容易误选B，根据 can’t help doing sth 这一结构推出。

　　【分析】其实答案应选A。比较以下结构：

　　can’t help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事

　　can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事

　　又如下面一题，答案也是 B：

　　She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.

　　A cleaning B. to clean

　　C. cleaned D. being cleaned

　　再请看以下试题：

　　While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.

　　A. to persuade B. persuading

　　C. being persuaded D. be persuaded

　　此题应选C，句中的 can’t help 意为“禁不住”(注意根据句意用被动形式)。

　　3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.

　　A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing

　　C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

　　【分析】此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下：

　　(1) devote 意为“致力于，献身于”，主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。

　　(2) 选A错误：若将 do 改为 doing 则可以。

　　(3) 选B正确：all her time devoted to doing experiments为**主格结构，用作状语。

　　(4) 选C错误：因为all her time 与 devote 为被动关系，故应将devoting改为devoted。

　　(5) 选D错误：若单独看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并没有错，但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体上看仍不对，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，则可选D，或将D将中的is 改为 being也可选它。

　　英语语法经典例题800例：虚拟语气（例题）

　　【导语】英语语法让很多学生都头疼，因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全，希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。

　　1. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.

　　A. will show B. would show

　　C. am going to show D. am showing

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

　　【分析】正确答案选B。根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article(要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了)。

　　2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”

　　A. He’d better give up drinking

　　B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much

　　C. Health is more important than drink

　　D. I wonder why he is always doing so

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中 drunk 一词的影响。

　　【分析】最佳答案为D。关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D。

　　3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.”

　　A. do B. are

　　C. will D. would

　　【陷阱】容易误选A或C。选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致;选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。

　　【分析】此题最佳答案为D。分析如下：

　　(1) “so + 助动词 + 主语”是一个很有用的结构，它表示“……也一样”时。如：

　　He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。

　　When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。

　　(2) 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气(这是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D。

　　英语语法经典例题800例：强调句（例题）

　　【导语】英语语法让很多学生都头疼，因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全，希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。

　　1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.

　　A. It was we being late B. It was our being late

　　C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late

　　【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为强调的是原因状语从句 because we were late。

　　【分析】但实际上，此题的答案为B，强调的'是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为：

　　Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.

　　注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is [was]… that…，句子仍然成立;换句话说，该结构中的 that 不能充当句子成分。

　　2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.”

　　A. it that B. he that

　　C. it when D. he which

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均可能误选。

　　【分析】答案选A，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为：

　　It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.

　　比较以下各题，它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式：

　　(1) Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl?

　　A. since B. as C. that D. he

　　答案选C，被强调成分为 who，该句实为类似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的Tom **而得)。

　　(2) What is it _____ his daughter needs most?

　　A. what B. which C. that D. if

　　答案选C，被强调成分为 what，该句实为类似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的a bike **而得)。

　　3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.

　　A. It, careful B. It, carefully

　　C. He, careful D. He, carefully

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，但最有可能误选的可能是A，认为这是一个普通的系表结构，即认为第二空要填形容词作表语。

　　【分析】其实，此题是一个强调句，其非强调形式为 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is … that… 的强调句式强调其中的状语 very carefully 即为上面一题的题干，所以答案应选B。请看下面几例，也属强调结构：

　　(1) It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.

　　A. since B. as C. that D. then

　　答案选C，被强调成分为 when she was about to go to bed 这一时间状语从句。

　　(2) It may have been at Christmas _____ John gave Mary a handbag.

　　A. before B. who C. that D. when

　　答案选C，被强调成分为 at Christmas，其中的动词 be 采用了 may have been 这一较为复杂的形式。

　　4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall ______ the students

　　often have a meeting.”

　　A. where B. which

　　C. that D. when

　　【陷阱】很可能误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall。

　　【分析】假若选C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在

　　大厅开会”，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是“你是在

　　哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的?”假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。

　　其实，此题的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意

　　为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”，这样语意就通顺了。

　　5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.

　　A. which B. as

　　C. what D. that

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

　　【分析】此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填 that (即选D)，被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意

　　为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例：

　　(1) It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.

　　A. which B. since C. that D. what

　　答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 his nervousness in the interview，句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去

　　了这份工作”。

　　(2) It is the ability to do the job ______ * not where you come from or what you are.

　　A. one B. that C. what D. it

　　答案选B，为强调句型，被强调成分为 the ability to do the job，句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地

　　或你是从事什么工作的”。

　　英语语法大全经典例题800例：名词性从句（例题）

　　【导语】英语语法让很多学生都头疼，因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全，希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。

　　◆典型陷阱题分析◆

　　1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ he said meant.

　　A. that B. what

　　C. that that D. what what

　　【陷阱】可能误选B。许多同学一看选项首先就排除了C和D，认为这样两个“引导词”叠用的情况不太可能。在A和B两个选项中，选项A肯定不行，因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以便选择了B。

　　【分析】正确答案选 D。第一个what 用作动词 meant 的宾语，第二个what 用作动词 said 的宾语，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 为主句，what what he said meant 为宾语从句，而在此宾语从句中又包括有 what he said 这样一个主语从句。

　　2. After _______ had happened he could not continue to work there.

　　A. which B. how

　　C. what D. having

　　【陷阱】可能误选A。

　　【分析】最佳答案选 C。有的同学误选A，是因为认为介词后应接关系代词 which，但实际上，若填关系代词，其前没有先行词，这根据不是一个定语从句。另外，由于 had happened 缺主语，所以B和D也不能选。请再做下面一题(答案选B)：

　　He pointed to ______ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.”

　　A. that B. what

　　C. which D. as

　　3.“Is ______ you want to say?” asked the teacher.

　　A. this B. that

　　C. all that D. that all

　　【陷阱】根据中文字面意思误选A或B。

　　【分析】最佳答案选 D。假若选A或B，那么转换成陈述句即为：This is you want to say. / That is you want to say. 显然句中的两个谓语动词 is与want相冲突。选D组成的句子是 Is that all you want to say? 其中的that 为句子主语，all 为表语，you want to say 为定语从句，用以修饰all。

　　4. “When ______ leave for Japan?” “When ______ leave for Japan is kept secret.”

　　A. they will, will they B. will they, they will

　　C. they will, they will D. will they, will they

　　【陷阱】可能误选D，认为 when 后应用疑问句词序。

　　【分析】最佳答案选 B。第一个when引出的是一个特殊疑问句，故用疑问词序;第二个 when 引出的是主语从句，故其后用陈述句词序。请做以下试题(答案选C)：

　　(1) None knows if _______ that boy, but if _______ him, her parents will be disappointed.

　　A. she will marry, she will marry B. she marries, she marries

　　C. she will marry, she marries D. she marries, she will marry

　　(2) “Where _______ go to work?” “Where _______ go to work is not known.”

　　A. we shall, we shall B. shall we, shall we

　　C. shall we, we shall D. we shall, shall we

　　5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______.

　　A. who is he B. who he is

　　C. who is it D. who it is

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

　　【分析】此题最佳答案为D。首先可以排除A和C，因为空格处实为一个宾语从句，所以不能用疑问句词序。另一方面，但按英语习惯，当用于指代身份不明的人时，要用代词it，而不用 he 或she等。比较以下两句：

　　Mr Smith is at the door. He wants to see you. 史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。

　　Someone is at the door. It may be the postman. 有个人在门口，可能是邮递员。

　　第一句因前面指明了是 Mr Smith，所以后面用代词 he;而第二句因前面用的是不定代词 someone，说明此人身份尚不明确，故其后用了代词 it 来指代。

　　6. Don’t you know, my dear friend, ______ it is your money not you that she loves?

　　A. who B. which

　　C. that D. what

　　【陷阱】此题容易误选 A或B：选 A 的同学认为这是指人的，故用who;选B的同学认为这是非限制性定语从句，两者都是误认为这是定语从句(注意没有先行词)。

　　【分析】其实答案应选C。that引导的是一个宾语从句，用作动词 know 的宾语，它只是被句中的插入语 my dear friend 隔开罢了。请做以下试题(答案均为C)：

　　(1) Everyone knows, perhaps except you, _______ your girl-friend is a cheat.

　　A. who B. which

　　C. that D. what

　　(2) I think, though I could be mistaken, ______ she liked me.

　　A. who B. which

　　C. that D. what

　　(3) He told me the news, believe it or not, ______ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. as D. because

　　前面两题 that 引导宾语从句，后面一题 that同位语从句(修饰the news)。

　　英语语法大全：特殊同位语归纳

　　特殊同位语归纳

　　当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。基本形式的同位语大家一般不会出错，但有几种同位语，或由于本身结构特殊，或由于它修饰的成分结构比较特殊，往往会引起误解。现小结并举例说明如下，希望引起同学们的注意。

　　1. 代词we, us, you等后接同位语

　　Are you two reading? 你们二人在看书吗?

　　They three joined the school team. 他们3人参加了校队。

　　She has great concern for us students. 她对我们学生很关心。

　　He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。

　　We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子经常一起去看电影。

　　2. 不定式用作同位语

　　Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下达了发起总攻的命令。(to start the general attack与the order同位)

　　He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一条街走，我在那里接他**车。(to walk along…与the instruction同位)

　　3. -ing分词用作同位语

　　He's getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一个开卡车的差事。(driving a track与a job同位)

　　She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一个熨衣服的职位。(ironing shirts与a place同位)

　　The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。(attacking at night与the first plan同位)

　　4. 形容词用作同位语

　　The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou. 目前的交易会，是有史以来规模最大的，正在广州举行。

　　He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他读了很多书，古今中外都有。

　　People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade. 老老少少的人都来到街头观看*。

　　【注】这类同位语与定语比较接近，可转换成定语从句。如：

　　The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.

　　=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.

　　5. none of us之类的结构用作同位语

　　We none of us said anything. 我们谁也没说话。

　　We have none of us large appetites. 我们谁饭量都不大。

　　They neither of them wanted to go. 他们两人都不想去。

　　They've neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence. 他们两人谁也没能赢得她的信任。

　　【注】同位语并不影响其后句子谓语的“数”，如：

　　学生每人都有一本词典。

　　正：The students each have a dictionary.

　　误：The students each has a dictionary.

　　请比较下面一句(谓语用了单数，因为each为句子主语)：

　　正：Each of the students has a dictionary.

　　6. 从句用作同位语(即同位语从句)

　　They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。

　　I received a message that she would be late. 我得到的信息说她可能晚到。

　　The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。

　　The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong. 你可以不动脑筋做此工作的想法是错误的。

英语语法之主谓一致总结 (菁选2篇)（扩展4）

——高考英语语法选择题 (菁选2篇)

高考英语语法选择题1

　　1) 谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择

　　谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是语法测试中的一个题眼。如：

　　① I don’t mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.

　　A. you to delay making B. your delaying making

　　C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make

　　本题考查动名词作宾语。句意：只要不是太晚，我不介意你延期做出决定。mind和delay后接动词时，要用动词的-ing形式。答案为B。

　　② Had I remembered ____ the windows, the thief would not have got in.

　　A. to close B. closing

　　C. to have closed D. having closed

　　remember to do sth.记得去做某事;remember doing /having done sth.记得已做过某事。本题为虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反的情况。句意：要是我记着去关窗户的话，小偷就进不来了。答案为A。

　　③ Your hair wants ______ . You’d better have it done tomorrow.

　　A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut

　　答案为C。此处want是需要的'意思，和need用法一样，后接-ing形式，用主动表被动意义。

高考英语语法选择题2

　　作定语的非谓语动词的选择

　　从近几年的考查情况来看，对作定语的非谓语动词的考查主要有两种情况：

　　(1)对一般概念的考查。如：

　　The project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city’s telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.

　　A. accomplished B. being accomplished

　　C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished

　　考查不定式作定语。本题中的时间是2000年底，这是一个将来时的时间状语，说明该事情是未来完成的，故使用不定式表示未来。答案为C。

　　(2)对固定结构的考查。如：

　　The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his arguments in favor of the new theory.

　　A. to be based on B. to base on

　　C. which to base on D. on which to base

　　此题为不定式作定语的固定形式，答案为D。在英语中有些名词，如动词变来的名词，形容词变来的名词，以及means，way，time，moment，reason等要求其后用不定式作定语，不定式没有体的变化。

英语语法之主谓一致总结 (菁选2篇)（扩展5）

——高考英语语法考点 (菁选2篇)

高考英语语法考点1

　　1. 语态和时态

　　—Do you see those people on the little sandy island?

　　—Yes, they _______ handkerchiefs for the last half hour. I wonder why.

　　A. were waving B. waved C. had waved D. have been waving

　　【正确答案】D

　　【高考考点】考查动词时态。现在完成进行时：表示一个从过去某一时刻开始的动作，一直延续到说话时还在进行或刚结束，句中常出现用for, since, how long等引导的时间状语。e.g. His telephone has been ringing for a long time.e.g. It has been raining since last Sunday. e.g. How long have you been wearing glasses?

　　【题干句意】“你有没有看见那些在小岛上的人?”“是的，我看见了。他们在过去的半小时里一直在挥手帕，我不知道为什么。”

　　【详细解析】这个挥手帕的动作是在半小时前开始的，然后一直在挥，一直挥到了说话的这个时候，所以我们用的.是一个现在完成进行时，强调一个动作的持续。我们再来看一下其他几个时态：

　　A选项是were waving——过去进行时，它指的是：①过去某一时刻正在进行;②过去某一阶段正在进行;B. waved——过去时，过去某时间发生的且已完成的动作，所以我们知道A和B这两个时态都是和过去有关，而和现在是没有一点关系的，所以A和B这两个答案错了。

　　C. had waved——过去完成时：过去某一时刻或某一动作前完成的动作或状态，那么它所表达的时候是在过去的过去，例如：e.g. By the end of last year, we had built 5 new schools.到去年年底为止，我们已经建造了5所学校。首先，过去的时间是去年年底;而句子表达的意思是在去年年底之前，所以我们用过去完成时——had build.和现在是更加没有联系了，所以这个答案也是不正确的。

　　题干中的时间状语是“for the last half hour”，注意这个last不是指“最后的”，而是指“刚才的——在刚才的半个小时里”，那么往往呢句中出现last,或者是last half hour、recent这种词的话，我们一般都会选择现在完成进行时，因为它指的是“刚才”，那么肯定指“从刚才到现在”。所以本题答案是D.

高考英语语法考点2

　　名词性从句

　　The information could be helpful to ____will take over the job.

　　A. those B. who C. whoever D. anyone

　　【正确答案】C

　　【高考考点】考查名词性从句，顾名思义就是名词，它可充当主语、表语、宾语和同位语，所以相应的名词性从句也分为有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。此题考的就是介词to后的宾语从句。

　　【题干句意】“这个消息可能会对任何将接管这个工作的人有所帮助。”whoever = anyone who“任何怎么怎么样的人”所以这个答案是正确的。我们再来看其他几个答案为什么不对呢?

　　【详细解析】A选项是those，如果those填在这里的话就会变成缺少关系代词who，如选those，那those will take over the job“那些人将会取代这个工作”，它就变成了一个**的句子，而不是一个从句，更加就不是一个宾语从句了，所以从原则上说它是错误的，那么怎样改才是正确的呢?很简单，只要在这个those的后面加一个关系代词who，把它变成一个定语从句——those who will take over the job，“那些将要接管这个工作的人”，那么这样就可以了。

　　B选项是who在名词性从句中表示疑问，e.g. Who will take over the job has not been decided yet. D选项是anyone，错误的原因也是缺少关系代词who.

　　比较those who和anyone who，前者是“那些……的人”，后者表示“任何……的人”。区别就是在于those who是一个复数的概念，“那些人”，后面的谓语动词要用复数;而anyone who是表示任何一个人，后面要用单数的谓语动词。

英语语法之主谓一致总结 (菁选2篇)（扩展6）

——高考英语语法填空题 (菁选2篇)

高考英语语法填空题1

　　一、考查语法。每一个空格的设置都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法。

　　例 1 In Greece, women had little freedom. Wealthy women hardly left their houses, but they______ (allow) to attend weddings and some festivals.

　　解析：因allow与they在逻辑上是动宾关系，要用被动语态，用be allowed;由had, left可知be是一般过去式;主语是复数they，be的过去式是were，答案是were allowed。

　　点评：此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三条语法规则。

　　例 2 The ______ why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.

　　解析：因为why 引导的定语从句，前面的先行词一定是reason。

　　点评：此题看起来好像是考查填入恰当的名词，但实际上是考查定语从句。

　　二、考虑语境。既然采用短文的形式来考查语法，其目的就是要利用短文有较强语境的'特点来命题，否则，就不如用单句来考查语法了。也就是说，考生要填出正确答案，至少需理解整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系，或者需要理解前后几个句子，甚至整个段落或篇章。

　　例4 Several changes have brought wild animals to the . Foremost, air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970's pollution control efforts…

　　解析：在冠词the后必定是名词，再根据下句可确定要填cities。

高考英语语法填空题2

　　阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____61_(attract).

　　So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_____62_(arrow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be theirUKambassador. The title will be __63___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back ____64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

　　On mu recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __69__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70____ other is with mum-she never suspects.

　　参***

　　61. attraction 62. was allowed 63. officially 64. to 65. when

　　66. permitted 67. introducing 68. their 69. days 70. the