定语从句与强调句

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　　定语从句与强调句

　　首先我们来看下面这道题：

　　——Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?

　　——It was in the hall ______ the students often have a meeting.

　　A. where B. which C. that D. when

　　这道题很多考生都会误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall。 假若选C，即 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法都没有问题，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的.那位教授的?”假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。 因此，此题的最佳答案是A，“......where the students often have a meeting” 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”，这样语意就通顺了。

　　在语法题中，我们经常会遇到由it引导的句型结构，it引导的句型结构可构成强调句或定语从句，考生常把两者混淆，导致做题错误。一般来说，如果将it is/was...与连接词去掉，句子成分完整仍然正确，就为强调句型，这时，就选用that连接词，否则就为定语从句，其关系词的选择，应根据先行词与从句的关系而定。

　　例如：(1) It is on the island that they spent 10 years.

　　(2) It is the island where (on which) they spent 10 years.

　　(1)句为强调句，表示地点的名词the island前有介词与其连用，说明它是一个完整的地点状语。如果将it is去掉：They spent 10 years on the island.它的意义仍然完整，故应选用连接词that构成强调句式。(2)句为定语从句，表示地点的名词the island前没有介词与其连用，说明它不是一个完整的地点状语。如果将it is去掉：They spent 10 years the island.它的意义不完整，故应选用关系副词where或on which 构成定语从句结构。

　　还有这样一道题：

　　It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______ he spent his childhood.

　　A. which, that B. that, which

　　C. which, which D. that, where

　　几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是分不清为强调句型，或即使分清为强调句型，也分不清强调哪一个成分。

　　答案选A，第一空填 which，用以引导定语从句；第二空填that，为强调句的结构词，被强调部分为 in the small house (以及修饰它的定语从句 which was built with stones by his father)。此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。请再看类似例子：

　　(1) It was the boy _____ had been in prison _____ stole the money.

　　A. who, where B. that, how

　　C. who, that D. that, which

　　此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 the boy (以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in prison)。

　　(2) It was just in the room _____ he was born _____ he died.

　　A. where, which B. that, that

　　C. where, that D. which, that

　　此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 in this room，where he was born 为修饰 the room 的定语从句。