职称英语语法:非谓语动词的用法分析 (菁选3篇)
职称英语语法:非谓语动词的用法分析1
动名词在职称英语中往往不是不直接进行考察,而是把动名词结构放在英语的句子中,然后考察考生对句含动名词结构的这个句子的句意的准确了解。所以,考生在复习中主要需要弄清楚动名词在英语句子中的四种语*能。
职称英语语法:非谓语动词的用法分析2
现在分词由原形动词+ing构成,如designing,leaving,stopping等现在分词作定语时,表示正在进行的动作,或经常性的动作,或表示现状。由此可见现在分词与动名词结构在“形”上相似。考生需要能区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的情况。动名词作定语往往表示所修饰的名词的功能/用语,现在分词作定语强调分词结构中的动作正在进行。
Give the note to theloudly-speaking(现在分词作定语)man. 请把便条交给坐在正在高声说话的人。
I"d like to buy a washing(动名词作定语)maching.(a machine for washing). 我想要一台洗衣机。
职称英语语法:非谓语动词的用法分析3
acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,advise,avoid,admit,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enioy,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,f1orgive,imagine,include,involve,justify,keep,mind,miss,pardon,practice,postpone,permit,report,resent,resume,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate
职称英语语法:非谓语动词的用法分析 (菁选3篇)扩展阅读
职称英语语法:非谓语动词的用法分析 (菁选3篇)(扩展1)
——职称英语语法:定语从句的用法3篇
职称英语语法:定语从句的用法1
when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which
where指地点 = in / at / from / which
why指原因 = for which
当先行词为way、day、reason、time时,可用that作关系副词。(非正式场合)
I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.
当time作先行词时,关系词可以省掉。
This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.
职称英语语法:定语从句的用法2
(1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。
(2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点:
①先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.
②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit(them)in China.
职称英语语法:定语从句的用法3
(1)在非限制性定语从句中
(2)在关系词前有介词时
(3)当先行词本身是that时
(4)当关系词离先行词较远时
职称英语语法:非谓语动词的用法分析 (菁选3篇)(扩展2)
——托福考试语法:非谓语动词的用法 (菁选2篇)
托福考试语法:非谓语动词的用法1
1. 动词不定式的否定式
not to
She decided not to be late again.
2. 动词不定式的完成式
完成式表示的动作或状态发生在位于动词表示的动作或状态之前。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting.
3. 在It is/was + 形容词+不定式的复合结构
若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征,则构成不定式复合结构的介词应为of。
常用形容词有:kind, nice, foolish, silly, stupid, rude, cruel, wise, clever, brace, selfish, crazy, good, careful, careless, impolite, right, wrong等。
It is very kind of you to help me.
区别It is important for us to learn English well.
4. 在某些动词后, 可用it做形式宾语,然后加宾语补足语,最后加不定式作真正的宾语。
常见的动词有find, think consider, feel, make等。
They find it difficult to repay the money.
5. 动词+不定式作宾补
ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind order, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。
6. 在使役动词make, have, let和感官动词see, watch, notice, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等词后接不定式作宾补,不定式不带to,表示做某事的全过程。当他们转换成被动语态时,作为主语补足语的不定式必须带to(五看三使两听一感觉一发现)
Nobody saw him come in.
She was seen to enter the room last night.
注意:get 也能当使役动词,表示“使、让、叫”之意,相当于have,但两者也有所不同。
have sb. do sth.get sb to do sth.使/让/叫某人去做某事
have sth. done = get sth. done 使/让某事由别人去做
have sb./sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事
get sb./ sth.dong 使某人/物开始行动起来
You’d better have/get your hair cut.
He managed to get the horse running.
托福考试语法:非谓语动词的用法2
1. 动名词的否定式 not+动名词
2. 动名词的完成式
完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
He was praised for having done a good deed.
3. 动词+介词构成的短语,其后跟动名词做宾语
be/get used to
feel like
insist on
devote…to…
put off
look forward to
succeed in
get down to
set about
give up
4. 可置于名词前作定语,表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能
a waiting car
a waiting room
a sleeping boy
a sleeping bag
5. 动名词的复合结构
形容词性的'物主代词/名词所有格+动名词构=动名词的复合结构
在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语等。物主代词和名词所有格是动名词的逻辑主语。
Do you mind my/me smoking here?
I insisted on my husband/husband’s paying the bill.
1)在口语和非正式英语中,这种结构不用在句首,常用人称代词宾格代替物主代词,用名词普通格代指所有格。如:
There are many reasons for animals dying out.
2)如果动名词的复合结构在句首,就必须用形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格。如:
His smoking caused the fire in the forest.
3)there be的动名词的复合结构为there being如:
What’s the chance of there being a rain tomorrow?
职称英语语法:非谓语动词的用法分析 (菁选3篇)(扩展3)
——考研英语语法as的用法难点分析 (菁选2篇)
考研英语语法as的用法难点分析1
【as用法】
一、as引导定语从句
as引导定语从句时,既可以引导限定性定语从句,又可以引导非限定性定语从句。区分as引导定语从句和其它从句的关键特征是:as引导定语从句时在从句中做成分,通常做主语或宾语。
1、as引导限定性定语从句。
如从句所修饰的名词前有such、the same、as出现,后面的定语从句将由as引导,形成such...as,the same...as,as…as这样的固定结构,译为“和……一样”。
例1:I never heard such stories as he told.
我从未听过他所讲的那样的故事。
例2:He’ll repeat such questions as are discussed in the book.
他将重复书中讨论过的问题。
例3:They made the same mistake as others would have made on such an occasion.
他们犯了和其他人在这种场合下会犯的同样错误。
2、as引导非限定性定语从句。
as引导非限定性定语从句,往往指代一整句话,通常表示“正如”的意思。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置相对比较灵活,可以位于先行词之前、之后或中间。
例:As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth.
众所周知,月亮绕着地球转。
二、as引导时间状语从句
as引导时间状语从句多用于口语,强调“同一时间”或“一先一后”,有时还有“随着”的含义。
例1:As I was going out, it began to rain.
当我出门时,开始下雨了。(as强调两个动作紧接着发生,不强调下雨的特定时间。)
例2:As time goes on, he will understand what I said.
随着时间的推移,他会理解我所讲的话。
三、as引导原因状语从句
as表示“因为”,与because相比,较口语化,所表达的原因语气较弱,所表的原因比较明显,或是已知的事实。
例1:As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
因为天气太糟糕,我们不得不推迟旅行。
例2:Any new source of energy will be very welcome, as there is already a shortage of petroleum.
任何新型能源都将大受欢迎,因为石油已经出现短缺。
四、as引导方式状语从句
as表示“按照”,“以……方式”,“像……一样”,“正如”。
例:Do as the Romans do when in Rome. 入乡随俗
注:as在引导方式状语从句时,还常出现在一个固定的类比结构中:(just) as …, so…。这一句型表示类比,基本含义是“正如……,所以……”。
例:Just as virtue is its own reward, so is vice its own punishment.
善有善报,恶有恶报。
五、as引导让步状语从句
as可以表示“尽管”,“虽然”,引导让步状语从句,但必须构成倒装。让步状语从句倒装规则有两类:
1、 形容词/副词/分词/名词(无冠词)/介词短语等+as+主语+谓语动词,主句。
例1:Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you.
我尽管很喜欢你,却不能和你在一起生活。
例2:Child as he is, he knows to help others.
尽管他是个孩子,他懂得帮助别人。
2、动词原形+as+主语+助动词(may/might, will/would, can/could, do/does/did),主句。
例:Try as we may, we cannot sense directly the television signal sent out from the broadcast station.
尽管我们费了很大的劲,也无法直接觉察发射台发出的电视信号。
六、as引导比较状语从句
as引导比较状语从句,其基本结构是as…as。前一个as是副词,后一个as是比较状语从句的连词。否定结构为not so much … as …。
例1:Small as it is, the ant is as much a creature as are all other animals on the earth.
尽管**很小,但是它同地球上的任何其他动物一样,也是一种动物。
例2:It was not so much the many blows he received as the lack of fighting spirit that led to his losing the game.
与其说是他受到了许多打击,还不如说是缺乏斗志使他输掉了比赛。
考研英语语法as的用法难点分析2
一、关于基础
问:高中有一定的基础,但学的知识差不多全忘光了现在该怎么办?
答:考研英语中除了作文外,其他题目都是以文章的形式出现的,而这些文章的特点就是长句多,词汇难。一句话只要你从现在开始认准两点事情:一是坚持背单词,二是学好语法长难句,这两点是一定要做好的。只有扎实的基础知识,才是大家考好考研英语的前提。
二、关于学习资料
问:英语二的资料不多,市场上还良莠不齐,应该怎样选择考研书?
答:现在有些资料说自己是英语一和英语二都适用,这是有些偏颇的。英语一和英语二是有一些差别的,不仅是在题型上,更是在试题难度上。现在英语二质量好的资料就是《考研**》,这本书对于真题的解析是非常详细的,它不仅详细的解析试题,更是把文章中的生词和句子都进行详细解析,基础不好的人用起来也不会吃力。
三、关于词汇
问:单词背完,用的时候就是想不起来;单词都认识,但是总是翻译不通顺,看不懂句子的意思,该怎么办?
答:针对基础比较薄弱的同学,建议除了背单词书,最好到真题中背诵,效果更好,这样记忆的都是核心单词。单词认识长难句看不懂,翻译不通顺,这是语法的问题,大家一定要会分析句子主干,并且能对句子翻译顺序进行调整。另外,在真题中积累单词也是一个很好的方法,《考研**》就把真题中的生词都进行详细的注释,大家可以很直接地在语境中记忆单词,非常高效。
四、关于语法
问:高中语法全忘光了,现在语法该怎么学习?
答:虽然语法在试卷中不作为单独考查的内容,但是语法却又贯穿于各个专项中,比如阅读,完形,翻译等。不过大家在备考时,不需要对语法知识涵盖到的`所有点都去复习,需要有所针对。关于考研语法,要重点突破三种从句(名词从句,定语从句,状语从句),三种非谓语动词结构(动名词,动词不定式,分词),四种特殊结构(省略现象,比较结构,倒装结构,分隔结构)。大家一定要熟练掌握这些知识。
五、关于写作
问:什么时候开始准备作文?写不出好的句型和词汇,语料匮乏怎么办?
答:关于作文的复习实际上没有严格的时间点,不过不宜过早。大家之所以写不出高级点的句子,以及出现词语匮乏现象,归根结底是语料积累得少。因此,我们在复习的过程中要注意积累一些好的句式结构。每天能背上两到三个精彩句型,日积月累下来就是很多的知识。
职称英语语法:非谓语动词的用法分析 (菁选3篇)(扩展4)
——中考英语高频动词用法3篇
中考英语高频动词用法1
1. afford to do 负担的起做某事
We can’t afford to make any mistakes.我们承担不起任何失误。
2. agree to do 同意做某事
Do you agree to have dinner today? 今天你同意一块吃饭吗?
3. choose to do 选择做某事
Why do so many choose to leave their country? 为什么有这么多人要离开祖国?
4. decide to do 决定做某事
She decided to accept the offer. 她决定接受这一提议。
5. expect to do 期待做某事
The shop expects to make more money this year. 这家店铺期望今年多赚点钱。
6. hope to do 希望做某事
I hope to see you again sometime next year. 我希望明年某一时候再见到你。
7. hurry to do 急忙做某事
We shall have to hurry to get there in time. 我们将不得不及时赶到那。
8. manage to do 设法做成某事
How do you manage to do such a thing? 你是怎么设法做这样的'事?
9. plan to do 打算做某事
Where do you plan to spend your holiday? 你打算去哪里度假?
10. prefer to do 宁愿做某事
I prefer to travel in the front of the car. 我宁愿坐在汽车的前面。
11. refuse to do 拒绝做某事
I refuse to answer that question. 我不愿回答那个问题。
12. seem to do 看似做了某事
The books seem to be lost. 那些书好像不见了。
13. wish to do 希望做某事
I wish to talk with you in private. 我希望能私下里同你谈话。
14. want to do 想要做某事
Is that why you don't want to go home? 这就是你不想回家的原因吗?
15. would like to do 想要做某事
I would like to have a word with you. 我想同你说句话。
中考英语高频动词用法2
1. let sb. do 让某人做某事
I hope you can pardon his badness and let him start all over again.希望您能原谅他的不好,让他从新开始。
2. make sb. do 使某人做某事
He find it impossible to make her change her mind. 他发现使她改变主意是不可能的。
3. hear sb. do 听见某人做某事
The shouting boy did not hear his mother call him. 大声叫嚷的孩子听不到妈**叫唤。
4. have sb. do 要求某人做某事
Will you like to have him call you back ? 要他给你回个电话吗?
5. would rather do than do 宁愿做...不愿做...
They would rather go fishing than stay at home. 他们宁愿去钓鱼,也不愿待在家里。
6. had better do 最好做某事
You had better have another think. 你最好 再想一想。
中考英语高频动词用法3
1. prefer doing to doing 宁愿做...不愿做...
Their teacher prefers doing to talking. 他们的老师喜欢做而不喜欢说。
2. be used to doing 习惯做某事
I'm not used to doing shopping online. 我不习惯于网上购物。
3. look forward to doing 期待做某事
I look forward to being alone in the house. 我盼望着能自己一人待在这所房子里。
4. pay attention to doing ***集中在做某事上
You should pay attention to picking your words . 你应该注意措词。
5. devote … to doing 奉献...去做某事
I devote myself to helping the poor. 我致力于帮助穷人。
职称英语语法:非谓语动词的用法分析 (菁选3篇)(扩展5)
——涉及倒装的英语语法3篇
涉及倒装的英语语法1
>> 点击进入:小升初英语基础语法梳理及高分技巧
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有:
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的`副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.
涉及倒装的英语语法2
7. 考查by no means等置于句首时的倒装
当表示否定意义的副词性短语by no mearns, on no accounts, in no case, at no time等置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。如:(答案为D)
I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _________ with my progress. (重庆卷)
A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied
8. 考查not only置于句首时的倒装
当not only…but also句式的not only部分置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。如:(答案为B)
_________ snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (上海)
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
9. 考查not until置于句首时的倒装
当not…until句式转换成not until且置于句首时,其后的主句部分习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。如:(答案为B)
Not until I began to work _________ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize
C. I didn't realize D. I realized
涉及倒装的英语语法3
虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
注意:
在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were",不用was, 即在从句中be用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你,就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.
如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
职称英语语法:非谓语动词的用法分析 (菁选3篇)(扩展6)
——初中的英语语法总复习3篇
初中的英语语法总复习1
一、一般现在时
概念:
表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表时间的状语连用。
如:
1) I go to school every day . 我每天都去学校。(表经常)
2) He is always like that . 他总是那样。 (表状态)
构成:
1) 主语 + be (am / are / is ) +……
2) 主语 + 实义动词 + …
二、一般过去时
概念:
1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday , last week , in 1998 , two days ago等。
如:
I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一场电影。
2) 也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
如: He always went to work by bike last week.
构成:
1) 主语 + be (was / were ) +……
2) 主语 + 实义动词过去式 +…
三、现在进行时
概念:
表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。
如:
He is singing.They are watching TV now.
构成:
主语 + 助动词be(am/are/is) + 动词-ing形式构成.
四、过去进行时
概念:
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外,一般用时间状语来表示。
如:
1) ---What were you doing?
---I was jumping.
2) ---What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?
---He was sleeping.
构成:
主语 + 助动词be(was/were) + 动词-ing形式构成.
五、一般将来时
概念:
表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。
如:
He is singing.They are watching TV now.
构成:
主语 + 助动词be(am/are/is) + 动词-ing形式构成.
六、过去将来时
概念:
表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成:
1) 主语(第一人称) + 助动词should + 动原 +…
2) 主语 + would + 动原 + ….
3) 主语 + was/ were going to +动原…
用法:过去将来时除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在间接引语中,主句谓语动词为过去时态。
如:
1) I should go.
2) You knew I would come.
3) They were going to Naning.
七、现在完成时
构成:
主语 + 助动词 ( have / has ) + 动词过去分词 +…
用法:
表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
如:
---Have you had your lunch yet?
---Yes, I have. (现在我不饿了。)
八、现在完成进行时
概念:
表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的动作。这一动作可能是刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。
构成:
主语 + 助动词 (have / has ) + been + 动词-ing +…
如:
1) I have been sitting here for an hour.
2) She has been collecting stamps for about 6 years.
九、过去完成时
构成:
主语 + 助动词 had + 动词过去分词 +…
用法:表示过去在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示的动作发生的时间是”过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by,before 等构成的短语,也可用when,before,等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示。
如:
I had finished my homework when my mom came back home.
职称英语语法:非谓语动词的用法分析 (菁选3篇)(扩展7)
——助动词的用法 (菁选3篇)
助动词的用法1
1) am,is,are +现在分词,构成进行时态,例如:
They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。
English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。
2) am,is,are + 过去分词,构成被动语态,例如:
The window was broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。
English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。
3)am,is,are+ 动词不定式,可表示下列内容:
a. 用现在时表示最近、未来的计划或安排,例如:
He is to go to New York next week.. 他下周要去纽约。
We are to teach the freshpersons. 我们要教新生。
说明: 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。
b. 表示命令,例如:
You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。
He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。
c. 征求意见,例如:
How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他?
Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢?
d. 表示相约、商定,例如:
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。
助动词的用法2
1) 构成一般疑问句,例如:
Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗?
Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗?
2) do + not 构成否定句,例如:
I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。
He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。
In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。
3) 构成否定祈使句,例如:
Don't go there. 不要去那里。
Don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。
说明: 构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。
4) 放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气,例如:
Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。
I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。
I do miss you. 我确实想你。
5) 用于倒装句,例如:
Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的'事情。
Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.
只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。
说明: 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。
6) 用作代动词,例如:
---- Do you like Beijing? --你喜欢**吗?
---- Yes, I do. --是的,喜欢。(do用作代动词,代替like Beijing.)
He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he?
他知道如何开车,对吧?
助动词的用法3
shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时,例如:
I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。
He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。
说明:
在过去的语法中,语法学家说shall用于第一人称,will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在,尤其是在口语中,will常用于第一人称,但shall只用于第一人称,如用于第二、第三人称,就失去助动词的意义,已变为情态动词,试比较:
He shall come. 他必须来。(shall有命令的意味。)
He will come. 他要来。(will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。)
职称英语语法:非谓语动词的用法分析 (菁选3篇)(扩展8)
——考研英语有哪些非谓语动词的复习要点 (菁选2篇)
考研英语有哪些非谓语动词的复习要点1
1.不定式作状语通常表示目的或结果,表示目的时前面可用in order或so as,以示强调。表示结果时常用于too…to…, enough to do…, only to…等结构中。如:
I saved every cent in order to buy a car. 为了买车,我积攒着每一分钱。
The temperature is high enough to change water into steam. 湿度很高足以使水变为水蒸气。
2.作原因状语时,过去分词与-ing形式被动一般式可以互换。但还是单独使用过去分词的为多。如:
Written (Being written) very well, the novel sells well. 这部小说写得很好,很畅销。
3.作方式或伴随状语时常用过去分词,习惯上不用-ing形式被动一般式即不用being done形式。如:
Many parents were walking about the zoo, followed by their children. 很多父母正在公园里走着,后面紧跟着自己的孩子。
4.作时间状语用时,过去分词如同时表示被动和动作完成,常可换用-ing分词的被动完成式;过去分词如果只表被动,不表完成,则不可。如:
Read many times (=Having been read many times), the story seems much easier.
读过多遍,这个故事似乎变得更容易了。(表示被动和完成)
Seen from on the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful.
从山顶上看,这个显得更加美丽。(表被动)
5.与否定词not连用时多用-ing形式。如:
Not being included, I have to find another chance. 我没被录用,只好再等。
6.使用分词或分词短语作句子的状语时,有一条原则必须遵守,即分词或分词短语的逻辑主语应当与句子的主语一致,否则句子就是不正确的或是不正规的语言。如:
【误】Found him angry, I began to tell jokes.因为found与I 在这个句子中不能构成被动,应为Finding him angry, I began to tell jokes.
【误】Looking around, there was no one nearby. Look around 的逻辑主语不应是no one,故本句不成立,就改为Looking around, I found there was no one nearby.
7.有些约定俗成的分词或分词短语作状语,尽管它们与句子的主语不一致(即不存在主谓关系),也被认为是正确的。这种分词短语作状语解释整个句子。如:
Generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys. 一般说来,女孩子比男孩更喜欢文学。
Considering the weather, the sports meet will be put off. 考虑到天气,运动会将会被推迟。
Judging from her accent, she must come from Arabian countries. 从她的口音看,她准来自***国家。
考研英语有哪些非谓语动词的复习要点2
1.不定式与分词作定语是垢区别主要表现时态上;不珲式作定语通常指动作;现在分词作定语指正进行的动作;过去分词作定语指已经完成的动作。如:
I have three letters to write this evening. 我有三封信要写。
Do you know the man sitting at the desk? 你认识坐在桌子旁的那个人吗?
Have you read any short stories translated by Lu Xun? 你读过鲁迅先生翻译过的小说吗?
2.现在分词作定语表示它所修饰的名词的动作,二者是逻辑上的.主谓关系,读时都有重音。动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途,二者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系,读时只重读动名词。动名词作定语只有置于被修饰词的前面,而分词作定语有时可置前,有时可置后。如:
a sleeping baby (=a baby who is sleeping)
a sleeping car (=a car for sleeping=a car which is used for sleeping)
3.作定语时,过去分词常表示动作发生的时间早于谓语动词,或者没有一定的时间性,只表示被动关系,有的只表示完成。如:
The flyover bridge built last year cost $12,000.
去年建的这座立交桥花了12000美元。(既表示被动又表示完成)
All the fallen leaves have been cleared away.
所有落叶都清走了。(表示完成,并没有被动意味)
I don’t like to hear songs sung by young people.
我不想听见年轻人唱这种歌。 (只表示被动,没有一定的时间性)
4.-ing形式作后置定语则可表示:正在进行或发生的行为(变为定语从句要用进行进态);现在(或当时)的状态(变为定语从句时常用一般时态)。如:
The car waiting nearby (=which is waiting nearby) is a Ford.
等着附近的那辆小汽车是福特车。
The music being played(=which is being played) on the piano sounds very familiar.
正在钢琴上演奏的这首曲子听起来很熟悉。
5.短暂性动词的-ing形式一般式一般不可用后置定语。如:
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
应邀参加这次晚会的大多数人是著名的科学家。
不能说成:
Most of the people being invited to the party were famous scientists.
6.-ing分词的完成式一般不能后置定语,除非为非限制性的后置定语。如:
This is the question discussed (=which has been discussed) for thousands of years. The question, having been discussed for thousands of years, has now been solved. 讨论多年的这个问题现在已经解决了。
不可说成:
This is the question having been discussed for thousands of years.
7.being+adj.不能单独用作后置定语
不能说: Anyone being fit for this job can sign your name here.
应为:Anyone (who is) fit for this job can sign your name here. 任何胜任这项工作的人可以在这里签名。
8.分词作定语时,如有逗号与被修饰的名词分开,相当于一个非限制性的定语。如:
The story, written by a young girl, became popular with the young.
这个故事在年轻人间很流行,这是位小姑娘写的。
9.不定式作定语可以有自己的逻辑主语。如
It is spring, the time for us to plant trees.
春天正是植树的好季节。
职称英语语法:非谓语动词的用法分析 (菁选3篇)(扩展9)
——高考英语语法讲解 (菁选2篇)
高考英语语法讲解1
高考英语语法解析之宾语从句
1.定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
2.构成:关联词+简单句。
3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类:
(1)从属连词that.如:
He told us that he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。
I know he has returned.我知道他已经回来了。
注: that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that不能省略。
1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略。)
大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。)
对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。
3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。)
我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
4.We decided,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。)
鉴于他的特殊情况,我们决定应允他一段试用期。
(2)从属连词if/whether.如:
I doubt whether he will succeed.我怀疑他是否会成功。
I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否帮助我。
(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever
连接副词 where,when,how,why.
如:
Who or what he was,Martin never learned.
他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道。
I wonder what he’s writing to me about.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。
I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.我会告诉你我为什么要你来。
You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。
(1)介词宾语从句
宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如:
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.
他对那天发生的.事感到很不快。
I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。
I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要说什么。
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.
你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。
有时介词可以省略。如:
I don’t care (for)who marries him.我不管谁跟他结婚。
Be careful (as to)how you do that.你要注意做这件事的方式。
解释:
1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。如:
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他已表明他不会屈服。
2.作介词的宾语:连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except,but,in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语。如:
He is a good student except that he is careless.
他是一个好学生,只是有点粗心。
You may rely on it that I shall help you.你可以指望我会帮助你的。
介词宾语不可以用which来引导,而要用what来引导。如:
Are you sorry for what you’ve done?
你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗?
3.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等,连词that可省略。如:
I am not sure what I ought to do.
我不能确定我该做什么。
I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said.
恐怕你没领会我说的意思。
I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before.
我好奇怪,我以前没看到过。
Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.
妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。
4.连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句
if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用,但whether常和or not连用,if一般不与or not连用。如:
I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是假。
用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义,应避免使用if而用wheter.试比较:
Please let me know if you want to go.
Please let me know whether you want to go.
if从句可理解为宾语从句,意为“请告诉我你是否想去”;此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话,请告诉我一声”。
5.宾语从句的否定转移。在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。如:
I don’t think you are right.我认为你错了。
I don’t believe they have finished their work yet.我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。
I don’t suppose he cares,does he? 我想他不在意,是吗?
6.宾语从句的时态变化规律:
(1)当主句是一般现在时态时,从句可根据需要用任何时态。
(2)当主句是一般过去时态时,从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如:
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
高考英语语法讲解2
形容词与副词的比较级
大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1)规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。
一般单音节词末尾加-er,-est 如:tall taller tallest
以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st,如:nice nicer nicest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est,如:big bigger biggest
“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est 如:busy busier busiest
少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er,-est,如:clever/narrow cleverer/narrower cleverest/ narrowest
其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级,如:important/easily more important/more easily most important/most easily
2)不规则变化,例如:
good-better-best
well-better-best
bad-worse-worst
old-older/elder-oldest/eldest
much/many-more-most
little-less-least
far-farther/further-farthest/furthest
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